The methods of teaching vocabulary in english classes

2. Teaching vocabulary at the initial stage of instruction 
Community Language Learning 
.Total Physical Response Method 
.The Communicative Approach 
1. The Grammar-Translation Method 
Around the turn-of-the-19th-century, language students often translated volumes 
from Classical Greek or Latin into English via this method. It consists mainly of 
exhaustive use of dictionaries, explanations of grammatical rules (in English), 
some sample sentences, and exercise drills to practice the new structures. 
Students are given target language reading passages and answer questions that 
follow. Other activities include translating literary passages from one language into 

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the other, memorizing grammar rules, and memorizing native-language equivalents 
of target language vocabulary. Vocabulary and grammar are emphasized; 
pronunciation and other speaking/listening skills are not. Grammar is learned 
deductively on the basis of grammar rules and examples. Literary language is 
regarded as superior to spoken language.work is highly structured, with the teacher 
controlling all activities. The teacher supplies correct answers when students 
cannot. 
The characteristic features of this method are the practical direction in the teaching 
of foreign language, the ignoring of the existence of the mother tongue, use of 
visual aids and various exercises both written and oral. The method is called direct 
because it aims to establish a direct connection between the words in the foreign 
language and their denotations. The grammatical rules are discovered through 
many examples. Students speak a great deal in the target language and 
communicate if in real situations. Speaking and listening skills and correct 
pronunciation are emphasized. Teacher/student interaction is fuller; it includes 
guessing of context or content, completing fill-ins, question-and-answer exercises.