The main parts Population Governmental structure


Queen Elizabeth the Second



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LECTURE 3

Queen Elizabeth the Second
When the Queen Elizabeth the Second was born on 21 April 1926, her
grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The
death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle (King Edward VIII)
brought her father to the throne in 1936 as King George VI. Elizabeth the Second
came to the throne an 6 February 1952 and was crowned on 2 June 1953. Since
then she made many trips to different countries and to the UK also. The Queen is
very rich, as are others members of the royal family. In addition, the government
pays for her expenses as Head of the State, for a royal yacht, train and aircraft as
well as for the upkeep of several palaces. The Queen‘s image appears on stamps,
notes and coins.

Like the federal government, state governments have three branches:


executive, legislative, and judicial. In the United States each of 50 states has its own
government. The seat of the
central (federal) government is
Washington DC. States
governments have the power to
make laws on all subjects in the
U.S. Constitution. These include
education, family law, contract
law, and most crimes. Unlike
the federal government, which
only has those powers granted
in the Constitution a state
government has inherent powers allowing it to act unless limited by a provision of
the state or national constitution.
There are 89,500 local governments, including 3,033 counties, 19,492
municipalities, 16,500 townships, 13,000 school districts, and 37,000 other special
districts that deal with issues like fire protection. Local governments directly serve
the needs of the people, providing everything from police and fire protection to
sanitary codes, health regulations, education, public transportation, and housing.
Typically local elections are nonpartisan local activists suspend their party
affiliations when campaigning and governing.
About 28% of the people live in cities of 100,000 or more population. City
governments are chartered by states, and their charters detail the objectives and
powers of the municipal government. For most big cities, cooperation with both
state and federal organizations is essential to meeting the needs of their residents.
Types of city governments vary widely across the nation. However, almost all have
a central council, elected by the voters, and an executive officer, assisted by
various department heads, to manage the city's affairs.
There are three general types of city government: the mayor-council, the
commission, and the council-manager. These are the pure forms; many cities have
developed a combination of two or three of them.



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