The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy



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bajo un pino

(CdE:19-F, Robo) 
‘We 
LAID
DOWN
 under a pine tree
.’ 
(CdE:19-F, Madre Ballena y el Pescador) 
(159) …cuando él 
ARROJE
la piedra 
en la fosa
… yo acudiré… 
‘When he 
THROWS
the stone 
in the pit
I will come.’ 


109 | 
(160) …
ARROJÉ
un billete 
sobre la mesa

(CdE:19-F, Oquéi, Oquéi ... ) 
‘I 
THREW
a bill 
on the table.
‘ 
It is not uncommon for prepositions that normally express location to be used to 
express the goal (NGRAE §29.5l). In (158-160), the prepositions mark the end point of 
motion, and also the spatial configuration at the end. In other words, 
bajo
un pino
‘under a 
pine tree’ (158) states that once their motion was completed the individuals ended up under a 
tree (and not next to it or behind it).
This compatibility between locative prepositions and verbs of motion does not 
necessarily mean that these prepositions include motion as part of their meaning. We can still 
state that the prepositions are locative and do not imply motion (Meilán García 1998:25). 
They are compatible with motion verbs because the preposition only expresses that the object 
is located in a certain place at the end of the event (Fábregas 2007:193). The concept of 
motion is contributed by the verb.
Locative prepositions are useful because sometimes they express a spatial 
configuration not expressed by any directional preposition. The preposition in (159) indicates 
that the stone is inside the pit. If we change this to a directional preposition such as 
a
‘at/to’, 
it no longer implies that the stone is contained inside the pit, but could be on the outside edge 
(See Fábregas 2007:178-181). 
The data do not show any statistically 
significant differences for the choice of preposition 
or adverbial. The only element that occurs more 
than 10 times with each verb is 
a
‘at/to’; all the 
other prepositions are too infrequent to test 
statistically. Even if we compare the use of 
a
to all 
other types of prepositions, adverbials and clitics, 
there is no distinct behavior among the verbs. The 
results are shown in table 12.
It is also possible to group prepositions/adverbs into general functions. In our case, we 
classified them into 5 groups
22
. Locative prepositions are ones that do not imply any motion. 
They include 
en 
‘in/on’ and 
sobre 
‘over/on’. The remaining four categories are prepositions 
that imply motion, but highlight different parts of the motion event. The goal indicates the 
22
The classification was based on NGRAE §29 and Meilán García (1998). Other classifications are also possible. 

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