mathematicians: this was the very first basic theorem to be "proved"
through rough computer scenarios. These days, it's pretty
a significant historical breakthrough. Despite the massive input of theorems with
Since 1852, the four-color theorem has directly resisted any attempts
a common hypothesis for decades.
The four— color theorem is a statement that every color of a given color is represented
by a certain number of colors.
the map located on the sphere can be colored with four colors,so
so that any two regions that share a border section are
painted in different colors. This theorem was formulated by Francis
Guthrie was born in 1852, but for a long time it was not possible to prove it. During
since that time, many attempts have been made to prove that
so were the refutations, and this problem was called the four-color problem.
[3] The four-color problem became widely known after
as the eminent mathematician Arthur Cayley reported in 1878, he
I've been thinking about this problem, but I haven't been able to solve it.
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1.2. History of the theorem
Since the appearance of the first geographical maps, there has also been a question about
how best to color them. The problem was that with one
on the other hand, each different territory on the map should be colored differently.
color. At the same time, strict functionality did not allow for garish diversity.
In addition, the printing capabilities of that time were not so great.
Therefore, geographers have set mathematicians a task that is based on
at first glance, it seemed very simple: calculate the minimum number
colors that can be used to color the map so that each of the following elements can be
used:
the figures touching on it had their own color. The four-color question
it was first formulated by the Englishman Francis Guthrie in 1852.,
who drew the attention of his teacher A. de Morgan to
"4 colors problem" when trying to color a map of England when it is not displayed.
I noticed that only four different colors are needed.
However, de Morgan could not give an answer, but as history shows, he did
interested in the issue. On October 23, 1852, he wrote the following
William Hamilton, famous Irish mathematician and astronomer:
"One of my students asked me today to explain to him the reason why
which I didn't know and don't know yet. It says that if the shape is somehow
The map is divided, and the compartments are colored differently, so that the shapes with
any shape are
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