The essence and content of the term philosophy

2. The emergence and spread of Buddhism. Buddizm Hindistonning shimoli-sharqida miloddan avvalgi 6-asr oxiri va 4-asr boshlarida paydo boʻlgan. Uning tarqalishiga hukmdorlar va savdogarlarning qoʻllab-quvvatlashi, savdo tarmoqlarining rivojlanishi, buddaviy taʼlimotlarning mahalliy madaniy va diniy urf-odatlarga moslashishi kabi turli omillar yordam bergan. Buddizm dastlab Hindistonning boshqa qismlariga, shuningdek, Shri-Lanka va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoga tarqaldi, keyin esa Osiyoning boshqa qismlariga, masalan, Xitoy, Koreya va Yaponiyaga tarqaldi. Buddizmning tarqalishi u duch kelgan madaniyatlar va jamiyatlarga sezilarli ta'sir ko'rsatdi va bugungi kunda u asosiy jahon dini bo'lib qolmoqda.( Buddhism emerged in northeastern India sometime between the late 6th century and the early 4th century BCE. Its spread was facilitated by various factors, such as the support of rulers and merchants, the development of trade networks, and the adaptation of Buddhist teachings to local cultural and religious practices. Buddhism initially spread to other parts of India, as well as Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, before eventually spreading to other parts of Asia, such as China, Korea, and Japan. The spread of Buddhism had a significant impact on the cultures and societies it encountered, and it continues to be a major world religion today.)
3. Democratic reforms and state administration in Uzbekistan. O‘zbekistonda keyingi yillarda inson huquqlari himoyasini yaxshilash va demokratik institutlarni mustahkamlash maqsadida demokratik islohotlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Shavkat Mirziyoyev 2016-yilda prezident bo‘lganidan so‘ng bir qancha keng qamrovli iqtisodiy va ma’muriy islohotlarni amalga oshirdi, jumladan, valyuta kurslarini liberallashtirish, viza tartibini yumshatish, xorijiy sarmoyalarni jalb qilish borasidagi sa’y-harakatlar. Bundan tashqari, hukumat ommaviy axborot vositalari erkinligini yaxshilash, tsenzurani kamaytirish va siyosiy mahbuslarni ozod qilish choralarini ko'rdi. Biroq, ba'zilar O'zbekistonni to'liq demokratlashtirish va inson huquqlarini himoya qilish borasida hali uzoq yo'l bosib o'tishi kerak, deb hisoblaydi va bu sohalarda davom etayotgan taraqqiyot ham ichki, ham xalqaro sa'y-harakatlarning asosiy yo'nalishi bo'lib qolmoqda.( Uzbekistan has been undertaking democratic reforms in recent years, with the aim of improving human rights protections and strengthening democratic institutions. Since becoming president in 2016, Shavkat Mirziyoyev has implemented several sweeping economic and administrative reforms, including the liberalization of foreign exchange rates, relaxed visa requirements, and efforts to attract foreign investment. In addition, the government has taken steps to improve media freedom, reduce censorship, and release political prisoners. However, Uzbekistan is still considered by some to have a long way to go in terms of full democratization and protection of human rights, and continued progress in these areas remains a major focus of both domestic and international efforts.)