The English "museum" comes from the

Zoological parks, aquariums, and botanical gardens[edit]

Audubon Zoo, Animal House, New Orleans, 1938.

Main articles: Zoo, Aquarium, and Botanical garden

Although zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens are not often thought of as museums, they exist for the same purpose as other museums: to educate, to inspire action, and to study, develop, and manage collections (in the case of zoos and aquariums, the collections are animals, in the case of botanical gardens, the collections are plants). While Zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens are considered living museums they are also managed much like other museums and face the same challenges, as well as care for living creatures on exhibit.

Decolonization of museums[edit]

See also: Decolonisation of knowledge

During the beginning of the 21st century, a growing global movement for the decolonization of museums has arisen.^[119] Proponents of this movement argue that 'museums are a box of things' and do not represent complete stories; instead they show biased narratives based on ideologies, in which certain stories are intentionally disregarded.^{[45]: 9–18} Through this, people are encouraging others to consider this missing perspective, when looking at museum collections, as every object viewed in such environments was placed by an individual to represent a certain viewpoint, be it historical or cultural.^{[45]: 9–18}

The 2018 report on the restitution of African cultural heritage^[120] is a prominent example regarding the decolonization of museums and other collections in France and the claims of African countries to regain artifacts illegally taken from their original cultural settings.

Examples are demands for the repatriation of the Moai figures of Easter Island, that were taken away by British naval officers and then given by Queen Victoria to the British Museum in 1869.^[121] These are seen as ancestors and family or the soul by the Rapa Nui and hold deep cultural value to their people.^[122] Other examples include the Gweagal Shield, thought to be a very significant shield taken from Botany Bay in April 1770^[123] or the Parthenon marble sculptures, which were taken from Greece by Lord Elgin in 1805.^[124] Successive Greek governments have unsuccessfully petitioned for the return of the Parthenon marbles.^[124] Another example among many others is the so-called Montezuma's headdress in the Museum of Ethnology, Vienna, which is a source of dispute between Austria and Mexico.^[125]

Laura Van Broekhoven, director of the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, United Kingdom, stated that "ethnographic museums should redress their coloniality. They should be a pluriverse that shows the rich diversity of ways of being and knowing, not centering whiteness as the only way of being. Museums ought to allow for everyone to understand each other better."^[126]

See also[edit]

• 
   Museums portal
  

• 
  Audio tour
  
• 
  Cell phone tour
  
• 
  Computer Interchange of Museum Information
  
• 
  Exhibition history
  
• 
  Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum, world's first museum
  
• 
  International Council of Museums
  
• 
  International Museum Day (18 May)
  
• 
  List of museums
  
• 
  List of largest art museums
  
• 
  List of most-visited museums
  
• 
  List of most visited art museums
  
• 
  List of most-visited museums by region
  
• 
  .museum
  
• 
  Museum education
  
• 
  Museum fatigue
  
• 
  Museum label
  
• 
  Museum shop
  
• 
  Public memory
  
• 
  Science tourism
  
• 
  Types of museums
  
• 
  Virtual Library museums pages
  

Reference

1.