The English Language

Shotlandiya (2) Scotland (2)
Shotlandiya Buyuk Britaniyaning shimoliy qismidir. Shotlandiyada besh million kishi yashaydi. Edinburgh - Shotlandiya poytaxti. Bu erda ikkita yirik shahar bor: Glasgow va Aberdin. Shotlandiya tub va ko'llarga to'la. Eng baland tog 'Ben Nevis. Daryo juda ko'p. Dengiz tog'larni qisman qisqartiradi. Shotlandiya bayrog'i ko'k fon ustida oq xochdir. Xoch - Sankt-Andreevning xochidir. Sankt-Endryu Isoning cho'chqasi edi. Ko'p yillar oldin Skots daryo bo'yida ko'plab katta jamoatlarni qurdi. Bu jamoatlar Abbos deb nomlangan. Skots 1136 yilda 10 ta Melrose ibodatxonasini qurgan, ammo inglizlar 1544 yilda uni vayron qilgan. Abbos davrida tog'lar va fermalar qo'ylarga to'la edi va ular hali ham mavjud. Ba'zi odamlar samolyot bilan Shotlandiyaga borishadi. Ba'zi odamlar u erga kemada borishadi. Har kuni Londondan Glasgow va Edinburgga poezd va avtobuslar bor. Glasgow Shotlandiyaning eng yirik shahri va Buyuk Britaniyadagi uchinchi yirik shahardir. 1750-yilgacha Glasgow kichik shahar edi. U erda bir sobor va universitet bor edi, ammo boy shahar edi. 1707-yilda Shotlandiya kemalari Amerikadagi ingliz koloniyalariga kirishlari mumkin edi. Shiplar Glasgowga tamaki keltirib, Shotlandiya mollarini qaytarib oldi. 1776 yilda Amerika koloniyalari mustaqil bo'lib, tamaki savdolari to'xtatildi. Og'ir sanoat rivojlana boshladi. Clyde vodiysidan ko'mir va temirdan foydalanilgan. Glasgow boyib ketgan, ammo juda iflos edi. Glasgow futbol jamoalari bilan mashhur: Rangers va Celtic. Glasgowda ko'pchilik jamoalardan birining muxlisidir. Ular bir-biriga qarshi o'ynaganda, minglab muxlislar tomosha qilishadi. Rangers va Celtic Shotlandiyada boshqa barcha futbolchilarga qaraganda ko'proq futbol musobaqalarida g'olib bo'lishdi. Glasgowda juda band bo'lgan madaniy hayot bor. Ko'plab musiqachilar, aktyorlar va qo'shiqchilar Glasgowga kontsert berish uchun keladi. Opera xonasi, kino va kontsert zallari kechqurun to'lib ketgan. Kafe va publarda kichik guruhlar she'r o'qib, harakat qilishadi.

20. 
    Wales
    

Wales is the country in the west of Great Britain. It is mainly a mountainous land with a chiefly agricultural economy and an industrial and coal-mining area in the south. The landscape is beautiful. Many English people move to Wales when they retire. Cardiff, a large city in the south, was chosen as the capita of Wales in 1955, mainly because of its size. Since 1536, Wales has been governed by England and the heir to the throne of England has the title of Prince of Wales, but Welsh people have strong sense of identity. There is a Welsh National party which wants independence from the United Kingdom and the Welsh language is still used in certain parts of the country. Welsh is an ancient Celtic language, similar to Breton, spoken in Brittany, France. In the 60's Welsh was given equal status with English as an official language and is used in the law courts. It is taught in school and some TV program are broadcast in Welsh. However, only about 20% of the population speaks Welsh.