Relevance of the topic. Today, in World Farming, each of the crops that occupy large areas is determined by the area of the crop, due to the fact that they are diversified. According to the cultivated areas, soybeans take the next place after the cultivation of soybeans, rice, corn. It can be said with certainty that in Asian countries this plant is of great importance, or it can be said that soybeans are created as if they were created for the needs of humans.
More than four hundred different products are prepared from the Dogi and protein of soybeans, and they are used in all areas of the folk economy. So far, we do not have a wider-band crop than soybeans, judging by the chemical composition of soybeans. No matter in which area of the folk tale it was used, the shadow was grown, and the one who used it had a very large income.
Soybeans Dogi is the only crop that contains up to 45% protein and up to 25 percent vegetable oil. More valuable - that is, soy Dogi retains in its composition all the irreplaceable amino acids that are found in animal protein. Therefore, it is possible to get all the products that animals give from soy protein. For example, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, various meats, eco-friendly quality butter, egg poroshogi (containing lecithin substance). From soy protein, quality lenses are obtained for blood plasma, eye glasses. Also wool fabrics are developed. You can not distinguish them from real woolen fabrics.
According to scientists, soya products in animal husbandry are the highest quality and nutritious fodder. According to the protein content of soybeans, 100 kg of soybeans store 134.8 nutrient units. This figure is not found in any other cereal or legume crop. For example, 100 kg of oats, 116 units of wheat, 126 units of barley and 133 units of corn were found to contain nutrients [4].
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-2832 of March 14, 2017 "On measures to increase the sowing of soybeans and the organization of soybean cultivation in the country in 2017-2021" and PF-4947 of February 7, 2017 "Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 In the implementation of the tasks set out in the "Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" and the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 16, 2018 No PF-5330 "On measures to further ensure food security" crop production is one of the most pressing issues today, [1,2,3].
It is known that timely and high-quality plowing in the cultivation of abundant crops on irrigated lands will create a solid foundation for next year's harvest. In well-cultivated areas, weeds, pests, diseases are reduced, moisture is well retained, and it is important to carry out timely and effective agro-technical activities, such as preparing the soil for planting in early spring. As a result, the seeds of the sown farms are fully harvested, and the seedlings grow well, produce a rich harvest and ripen early, [5,6].
Field experiments “Methods of agrochemical, agrophysical and microbiological research in cotton-growing regions” (PSUEAITI, 1963), “Methods of experiments and experiments of PSYCHITICAL EXPERIMENTS” in 1981. (Tashkent, 2007) on the basis of methodological manuals, [7,8].
Scientific research was carried out at the scientific Experimental Station of PSUEAITI in Pakhtakor District of Jizzakh region. The care of the elegant and dream varieties of the planted shade was carried out on the basis of agrotechnical processes used in the region, which were irrigated from the old time and brought as a farmer.
The degree of salinity of the soil was determined in summer and autumn by taking soil samples from layers of soil 0-30, 30-50, 50-70 and 70-100 cm and analyzing the residual amounts of chlorine,sulfate and dry (in 1,3 repetitions).observed.
If the water permeability of soybeans (for 6 hours) amounted to 1550 m3/ha in the spring, it was observed that irrigation during the growth period and the passage of their norms and techniques working between them in a row led to the condensation of the soil.
In 2019-th year, the water permeability of light soils according to the mechanical composition of the saline Meadow-Burrow decreased slightly in autumn, and soybean varieties watered in a simple way (var.1,4,7,10) in variants it is equal to 1045-1050 m3/ga, between the rut the film is watered (var.3,6,9,12) made up 1105-1245 m3/ga in variants.
Thus, during the observation, it was determined that by the end of the season the amount of humus did not decrease sharply from the initial amount, and in the order of 0-50% of the soil in the layer of 0,777-0,787 cm, the nitrate form of nitrogen, the elegant variety of shade, in the order of 70-70-60 percent of the) in the variants, 1,8-2,1 mg/kg and between the soybean and rind, the film was watered topping (3,6-var.) in the variants increased by 1,1-1,6 mg/kg, in the same variants of action phosphorus increased by 2,2-1,2, It was observed that the potassium content decreased to 4,1-1,7 mg/kg and the initial amount to 17-15,6-10 mg/kg in these variants.
In one-year observations, the elegant variety of the shade in the soil is watered topping film on the furrows (var.3,6) the remains of most angiosperms in the variants amounted to 0,81-0,89 t/ha,and the remains of roots to 1,88-2,07 t/ha, the desired variety of shade was watered topping film to the owners (var.9,12) in variants, these indicators corresponded to 0,78-0,84, 1,69-1,86 t/ha. In the variants planted elegant and desirable soybean varieties watered topping film on soybeans in the order of 75-75-65 percent compared to the field moist capacity limited soil moisture before watering highest yield (var.6,12) from the options, the yield was 33,6-31,1 ts/ha.
In the experiment, the minimum water consumption for the cultivation of 1 ts soybeans was irrigated by pouring a film on the elegant varieties of soybeans (var.3) in the variant was 8,4 m3/ts, and in the 9th variant, which was watered by pouring a film on the bread of the desired variety, 9,7 m3/ts.
In the field of experiments, phenological observations were made in order to determine the growth and development of soy varieties studied at the beginning of each month. (Table 3.6.1)
As can be seen from the information presented in the table, in the case of 1 August, the elegant variety of shade was watered from all the rations (1,4-var.) in the variants, the height of the shade was 18,4-19,4 cm, the crop Horn was 3,7-3,9 grain, and the number of legumes was 2,1-2,8 grain, the shade was watered by dividing the rind (2,5-var.) in variants, these indicators in a suitable way 21,8-23,4, 5,4-5,6, 4,1-4,6 and watered topping film on soy Groats (var.3,6) in the options, respectively 23,9-24,7,6,7-6,9,5,3-5,4 ga was equal.
Similar data were obtained from the options for planting the desired variety of shade.In the observations conducted in the following months, the impact of studies on the growth and development of soy varieties has become more noticeable. The best indicators in the conducted observations are that the elegant varieties of the shade are watered by pouring a film on the furrows (var.3.6) if the height of the shade in the variants was 43,5-48,2 cm, crop Horn 12,9-14,7 pieces and number of legumes 38,9-40,8 pieces, then the desired variety of shade was poured into the furrows (var.9.12) in the variants, the height of the shade was 40,3-44.2 CM, the harvest Horn 11.5-13.2 pieces and the number of legumes 35.6-37.3 pieces.
In the observations conducted, the difference between soy varieties and options was more noticeable, the dressing on which is presented in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1
Yield of soy varieties by feedbacks, ts / ha
Вар.т/р
|
Soya type
|
Refunds
|
Average yield
|
I
|
II
|
III
|
1
|
NAFIS
|
26,9
|
23,6
|
25,7
|
25,4
|
2
|
28,1
|
25,0
|
27,3
|
26,8
|
3
|
31,3
|
29,2
|
32,0
|
30,8
|
4
|
28,2
|
24,6
|
27,1
|
26,6
|
5
|
30,3
|
27,2
|
29,2
|
28,9
|
6
|
35,1
|
32,5
|
33,2
|
33,6
|
7
|
ORZU
|
20,2
|
24,3
|
22,1
|
22,2
|
8
|
22,6
|
25,4
|
24,3
|
24,1
|
9
|
26,6
|
28,4
|
27,0
|
27,3
|
10
|
24,1
|
26,2
|
23,1
|
24,4
|
11
|
24,6
|
26,5
|
25,5
|
25,5
|
12
|
29,6
|
32,3
|
31,5
|
31,1
|
Table 2
The effect of irrigation procedures and methods on the yield of soybean varieties.
Вар.т/р
|
Soya type
|
Average yield, s/ga
|
Additional yield, s / ga
|
At the expense of Nav
|
On account of irrigation procedure
|
At the expense of mulching
|
1
|
NAFIS
|
25,4
|
+3,2
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
26,8
|
+2,7
|
-
|
-
|
3
|
30,8
|
+3,5
|
-
|
+5,4
|
4
|
26,6
|
+2,2
|
+1,2
|
-
|
5
|
28,9
|
+3,4
|
+2,1
|
-
|
6
|
33,6
|
+2,5
|
+2,8
|
+7,0
|
7
|
ORZU
|
22,2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
8
|
24,1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
9
|
27,3
|
-
|
-
|
+5,1
|
10
|
24,4
|
-
|
+2,2
|
-
|
11
|
25,5
|
-
|
+1,4
|
-
|
12
|
31,1
|
-
|
+3,8
|
6,7
|
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