The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex



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The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex - Wikipedia

part of our nature. The

surgeon may harden himself

whilst performing an

operation, for he knows that

he is acting for the good of his

patient; but if we were

intentionally to neglect the

weak and helpless, it could

only be for a contingent

benefit, with an overwhelming

present evil. We must therefore


bear the undoubtedly bad

effects of the weak surviving

and propagating their kind;

but there appears to be at least

one check in steady action,

namely that the weaker and

inferior members of society do

not marry so freely as the

sound; and this check might be

indefinitely increased by the

weak in body or mind

refraining from marriage,

though this is more to be

hoped for than expected.

(Chapter 5)

[5]



Darwin felt that these urges towards

helping the "weak members" was part of

our evolved instinct of sympathy, and

concluded that "nor could we check our

sympathy, even at the urging of hard

reason, without deterioration in the

noblest part of our nature". As such, '"we

must therefore bear the undoubtedly bad

effects of the weak surviving and

propagating their kind". Darwin did feel

that the "savage races" of man would be

subverted by the "civilised races" at some

point in the near future, as stated in the

human races section below.

[6]

 He did


show a certain disdain for "savages",

professing that he felt more akin to

certain altruistic tendencies in monkeys



than he did to "a savage who delights to

torture his enemies". However, Darwin is

not advocating genocide, but clinically

predicting, by analogy to the ways that

"more fit" varieties in a species displace

other varieties, the likelihood that

indigenous peoples will eventually die out

from their contact with "civilization", or

become absorbed into it completely.

[7][8]


His political opinions (and Galton's as

well) were strongly inclined against the

coercive, authoritarian forms of eugenics

that became so prominent in the 20th

century.

[8]


 Note that even Galton's ideas

about eugenics were not the compulsory

sterilisation which became part of



eugenics in the United States, or the later

genocidal programs of Nazi Germany,

but rather further education on the

genetic aspects of reproduction,

encouraging couples to make better

choices for their wellbeing.

For each tendency of society to produce

negative selections, Darwin also saw the

possibility of society to itself check these

problems, but also noted that with his

theory "progress is no invariable rule."

Towards the end of Descent of Man,

Darwin said that he believed man would

"sink into indolence" if severe struggle

was not continuous, and thought that

"there should be open competition for all




men; and the most able should not be

prevented by laws or customs from

succeeding best and rearing the largest

number of offspring", but also noted that

he thought that the moral qualities of

man were advanced much more by habit,

reason, learning, and religion than by

natural selection. The question plagued

him until the end of his life, and he never

concluded fully one way or the other

about it.


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