The concept "disease" in uzbek and english languages

Research methodology: The following methods were used in this research: comparative, historical, contextual analysis and phrase analysis. Many fictions have been used in the study of disease names.
Analysis and results: Illness is a phenomenon that occurs in the lives of all people. It has a unique definition in the language of various medical professionals, linguists and the people. In particular, the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language defines: “Disorders of the normal functioning of the body, sickness and pain”[1, 327]; in a vernacular speech: “Feeling pain, suffering”; and in medical encyclopedia: “A pathological process that occurs when the body is exposed to harmful factors of the external or internal environment” [2]. In general, these interpretations are based on the opposite meaning of health. Thus, "disease" is linguistically an antonym of the word “health”, which is equated to the meaning of the word “pain”.
In Uzbek, the words “хасталик”, “бетоблик”, “беморлик” are used as synonyms of the lexeme “касаллик/disease”, and they are used only in literary speech. In English, the lexemes “illness”, “sickness”, “disease”, “ailment”, “malady”, “disorder”, “morbidity”, “pathosis” and “syndrome” are synonymous, and "pain" is an integral lexeme for all of them. It should be noted that these lexemes have the following differential semas (meanings) in medical discourse:
• “Sickness” is characterized as “short-term illness”. For instance, sea-sickness, car-sickness.
• “The Malady” is nowadays an obsolete word [3]. For example:

“Ah, Minha Senhora, this whole malady is exceedingly strange,” the nurse said, sadly. (Ann Bridge, The Malady in Madeira)

• In the late 1970s, Eric J. Cassel commented on the use of the words "disease" and "illness": "Disease, then, is something an organ has, illness is something a man has" [4, 59]. It is known that “disease” has a medical dye and means "organ-damaging disease", “illness” has a sociolinguistic character and denotes "body reaction to disease", "unpleasant sensations / feelings in humans". For example, in the term Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) the word “disease” is used to describe a medical condition.
-Many people suffer from some form of mental illness during their lives. [5]
• “Ailment” has differential semas as “not a very serious disease” and “mild disease”: Chickenpox is one of the common childhood ailments. [6, 11]
• “Disorder” is characterized as "abnormal physical or mental condition". For example, skin disorders
• “Morbidity” means “state of being diseased”: morbidity rates, morbidity statistics
• “Pathosis” is "pathological condition (referring to the pathophysiological process)": dental pathosis / dental pathos
• “Syndrome” - a "sign, a set of symptoms that indicate a disease”: Down syndrome
Hence, the above mentioned lexemes should be used more carefully in speech due to their differential semas.
We can also include endemic (fever endemic to the tropics), epidemic (flu epidemic) and pandemic (AIDS pandemic) lexemes in the lexical field of “disease”.
There is a set of views that represent the names of diseases in the culture of every nation. They embody the worldview, religion, customs, way of life and history of these people and linguistically create the concept of "disease". In particular, in the vernacular speech of the Uzbek and British people, the names of dangerous diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, plague have long been tabooed. There are historical reasons for this. Although there is a cure for many diseases, Uzbek people are satisfied with using phrases as “ёмон касаллик”, “оғир касаллик”, “ёмон хасталик”, “оғир дард” (equivalents of “serious disease”) instead of medical terms in their speech: