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Sahl and Masha’allah, ed. Benjamin N. Dykes (Minnesota, MN: Cazimi Press,
2008), pp. 243–99 (244–5).
59. Masha’allah, ‘On the Knowledge’, p. 244.
60. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, pp. 245–6; Burnett, ‘Abu Ma‘shar’, EI3.
61. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, pp. 256, 256–7.
62. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi’, pp. 250–1.
63. The Qur’an, 55:6, p. 441.
64. Ya‘qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi, ‘Al-Ibana ‘an sujud al-jarm al-aqsa wa ta‘atihi li
Allah ‘azza wa jalla’ (‘On the Explanation of the Bowing of the Outermost
Body’), in Rasa’il al-Kindi al-Falsafiyya, ed. Muhammad ‘Abd al-Hadi, 2 vols.
(Egypt: Dar al-fikr al-‘arabi, 1950–3), I, pp. 244–61 (245–7); Al-Kindi, ‘The
Prostration of the Outermost Body’, in The Philosophical Works of al-Kindi,
ed. Peter Adamson and Peter Pormann (Karachi: Oxford University Press,
2012), pp. 175–6.
65. Al-Kindi, ‘Ibana ‘an sujud al-jarm’, p. 248; Al-Kindi, ‘The Prostration of the
Outermost Body’, pp. 177–8.
66. Al-Kindi, ‘Al-Ibana ‘an al-‘illa al-fa‘ila’, pp. 224–6; Al-Kindi, ‘On the
Proximate Agent Cause of Generation and Corruption’, in The Philosophical
Works of al-Kindi, pp. 164, 170.
67. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 19.
68. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 19–20; Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi
and the Philosophical Defense of Astrology’, pp. 253–5.
69. Al-Kindi, ‘Al-Ibana ‘an al-‘illa al-fa‘ila’, pp. 224–6; Al-Kindi, ‘Ibana ‘an sujud
al-jarm’, pp. 248–9; Al-Kindi, ‘On the Proximate Agent Cause of Generation
and Corruption’, p. 158; Al-Kindi, ‘The Prostration of the Outermost Body’,
p. 177; Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, p. 255.
70. Aristotle, ‘On Generation and Corruption’, 338a19–338b1, p. 554; ‘Physics’,
200b12, p. 342.
71. Aristotle, ‘Meteorology’, 339a15–24, 340a20–1, pp. 556–7.
72. Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, pp. 5–11.
73. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 24–5, 27.
74. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 14, 19–20.
75. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 27.
76. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 20, 24.
77. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 26–7.
78. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, pp. 257–8.
79. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 28.
Notes
207
80. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 27.
81. Emilie Savage-Smith and Evelyn Edson, Medieval Views of the Cosmos
(Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2004), pp. 46–8.
82. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, p. 254.
83. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 36.
84. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 25.
85. Lemay, Abu Ma‘shar, p. 44. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the
Philosophical Defense of Astrology’, p. 247.
86. Peter Struck, ‘A World Full of Signs: Understanding Divination in Ancient
Stoicism’, in Seeing with Different Eyes: Essays in Astrology and Divination, ed.
Patrick Curry and Angela Voss (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
2007), pp. 3–20 (7–8); Lemay, Abu Ma‘shar, pp. 44, 106.
87. John D. North, ‘Celestial Influence: The Major Premiss of Astrology’, in
‘Astrologi Hallucinati’: Stars and the End of the World in Luther’s Time, ed.
Paola Zambelli (New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1986), pp. 45–100 (55).
88. The topic of magnetism generated a tradition which aimed to explain how
lodestone attracts iron. There is much to be said about the development of
the history of magnetism, but in the present work, the topic of magnetism
is mentioned only in relation to astrological theories which posit that the
stars act upon the sublunar world in a manner analogous to lodestone’s
attraction of iron. See Charles Burnett, ‘Music and Magnetism: From Abu
Ma‘shar to Kircher’, in Music and Esotericism, ed. Laurence Wuidar (Leiden:
Brill, 2010), pp. 13–21.
89. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 21.
90. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 21.
91. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 21–2.
92. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 14.
93. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 14–15.
94. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 14–15.
95. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 44–5.
96. Galen’s Commentary on the Hippocratic Treatise Airs, Waters, and Places,
trans. Abraham Wasserstein (Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Science and
Humanities, 1985), p. 21.
97. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 15.
98. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 23.
99. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 15–16.
100. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 32. Adamson surmises that this group of
critics, referred to as ahl al-hadith wa al-nizam (people of tradition and
rational thinking), are the Mu‘tazila who reject determinism; see Adamson,
‘Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Kindi, and the Philosophical Defense of Astrology’,
pp. 261–2.
101. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 33.
102. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 34.
103. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 35.
104. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 34–5.
105. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 37–8.
106. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, pp. 266–7.
208
Notes
107. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, p. 266.
108. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 2.
109. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 27–8.
110. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 15.
111. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 14.
112. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 13.
113. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 11.
114. Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar, al-Kindi and the Philosophical Defense of
Astrology’, p. 253.
115. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 11.
116. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 14.
117. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 19.
118. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 7–8.
119. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 21.
120. Sunan an-Nasa’i, Book 17, Hadith 22 (http://sunnah.com/nasai/17/22).
121. Al-Kindi, ‘Al-Ibana ‘an al-‘illa al-fa‘ila’, p. 215; Al-Kindi, ‘On the Proximate
Agent’, pp. 155–6.
122. Al-Kindi, ‘Al-Ibana ‘an al-‘illa al-fa‘ila’, pp. 224–6; Al-Kindi, ‘On the
Proximate Agent’, pp. 162–4.
123. Al-Kindi, ‘Ibana ‘an sujud al-jarm’, p. 248; Al-Kindi, ‘The Prostration of the
Outermost Body’, p. 177.
124. Al-Kindi, ‘Al-Ibana ‘an al-‘illa al-fa‘ila’, p. 219; Al-Kindi, ‘On the Proximate
Agent’, p. 158.
125. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, pp. 14, 19, 23, 24–5, 27, 29, 30–1, 36, 39.
126. Lemay, Abu Ma‘ shar, p. 114; Adamson, ‘Abu Ma‘shar’, pp. 265–6.
127. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 19.
128. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 24.
129. Abu Ma‘shar, Al-Madkhal, II, p. 23.
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