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Text “Tashkent”
Tashkent capital of Uzbekistan
Tashkent – the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Geographic coordinates – 41 ° 18’00 “N 69 ° 16’00” E
Territory – 334.8 km2
Population – 3 million
Altitude – 475 m
Tashkent, the capital city of the Republic of Uzbekistan – the large
economic, political, scientific and cultural center of Central Asia.
The city is located in a northeast part of the Republic, in a foothill part
western Tian-Shan, in a river Chirchik valley, at height of 440-480 m above
sea level.
The history of Tashkent totals more than 2500. The history of the city began
from the small settlement of juice (the VI-III centuries BC) assume. For the
long history the city was called differently – as Euny, Chach, Shash-Tep,
Binkent, Tashkent.
In the I-IV centuries Chach was a part of the Kushansky kingdom. In the V century
the city was grasped by eftalits created the huge power in the territory of all
Central Asia, and in the 6th century it appeared under the influence of Turkic
kaganat. At this time begins formation of Turkic language at the people of this
edge.
At the beginning of the VIII century the Arab armies passed Amu Darya and began
a gain of Central Asia. In the beginning were grasped Bukhara, Samarkand, and in
716 g
–
Chach (Tashkent). The population of Chach leaves the city devastated by
Arabs, and creates the new city, but not on ruins, and in 4-5 km to the northwest
from former, on the bank of Boz-su canal.
At this time, on the territory of Central Asia extend Islam religion, the Arab
writing and culture. From IX century the city strongly located in the center of
an “old” part of modern Tashkent and is called as the Arab name “
Binkent
”
(i.e. the main town of area). And this period, the IX-X centuries, was really «a
gold eyelid» in the history of economic, and especially, cultural development
of the region called the period of «the Muslim Renaissance».
At this time in the city crafts, potter’s and glass
-blowing business, processing
of metals, fabrics, skin, a tree develop. In the city numerous caravanserais in
which the caravans going on «A great Silk way» stopped were located. Settling
down on a transit trading way, Binkent
wasn’t simply transit point, but also
itself made and exported the goods. Since the end of the X-th century the city
is a part of the Karakhanids state.
For the first time the name “Tashkent” meets in the XI century in
Biruni and
Mahmoud
Kashgari’s
works. Tashkent in transfer means «the stone city».
In 1219 (XIII century) as a result of invasion of Chingiz hana, the city passed to
Mongols. All city strengthenings were destroyed, the populated part of the city
decreased. The Mongolian gain is characterized by complete decline of Tashkent.
New lifting of the city is connected with
Timur’s
board and Timurids. In XIV and the
beginning of the XV centuries, as a part of Amir
Temur’s
state the city gained again
value of a strong fortress, its territory extended, develops productions, trade,
culture. The city was surrounded with a new wall since Timur attached great value
to Tashkent, as to a military fortress (outpost) of the empire. The beginning of the
XVI century is characterized by emergence of nomad Uzbek tribes under
leadership of Sheybani han. Nomadic Uzbeks lodged in conquered territories and
mixed up with local settled Turkic and other people. These nomads called
themselves “Uzbeks” and from now on the term “Uzbek” was widely adopted and
began to affirm as the name, subsequently the created, Uzbek nationality.
Then throughout the 2nd centuries, in the XVII-XIX centuries,
Tashkent became the fight arena between Khiva, Kokand khanates
and the Bukhara emirate. At the beginning of the XIX century the
city was conquered by the kokand khan and became a part of the
Kokand khanate. More than once tried to grasp Tashkent the
Bukhara emirate. Between local khanates the imperial government
of Russia used the developed situation. In 1865 imperial armies
seized Tashkent, and the city was attached to Russia. In 1867 was
formed the Turkestan General Governorship with the capital in
Tashkent.
Tashkent was the capital UZSSR in 1924, and then the capital was
transferred to the city of Samarkand. Since 1930 Tashkent again
becomes the capital.
Today, Tashkent is the largest city of Central Asia, with the
population about 3 million people. The territory of the city makes
320 km 2 and consists of 11 administrative regions.
Khast Imam Square
Kaffal Shashi Mausoleum
Sheikh Zayniddin Bobo Mausoleum
Shaikhantaur Mausoleum
Kaldirgochbiy Mausoleum
Barak khan Madrassah
Kukeldash Madrassah
Abul Kasim Madrassah
Tilla Sheikh Mosque
Minor Mosque
Romanov’s House
Chorsy Market
Amir Temur Market
Independence Square
Applied Arts Museum
Museum of the history of the peoples of
Uzbekistan
Museum of Timurids
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