Text. Ecology and people’s healh

Text.
Ecology and people’s healh.
Understanding patterns of health and disease requires that the focus in public health is not only on personal behaviours, biologic traits and specific risks but also on characteristics of the social and physical environments that shape human experience. At the end of the 20th century a challenge of the dominance of biomedicine and the need to give greater emphasis to the ecological context in the study of human health and disease was growing. The emerging new paradigm of public health is based on a holistic conception of health and on creating social and environmental conditions conducive for health.
The social and physical surroundings in which people live affect their health. Individuals and populations are embedded within social, political and economic systems that shape behaviours and offer or constrain access to resources necessary to maintain health. Recognition that health is a product of the antecedent biological evolution interacting with current social and environmental conditions facilitates identification of social and environmental determinants that might be amenable to community interventions and can lead to improved health outcomes.
Public health problems are increasingly global and complex, especially environmental and social threats arising from global environmental changes, driven by rapid industrialization, population growth, over-consumption of natural resources and the inappropriate use of technology. Large proportions of the life-supporting resources of the ecosystems are being degraded and used unsustainably. According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, health consequences of these changes are already visible and could grow worse over the next 50 years.⁶
Scientists, policy makers and public health practitioners meet unfamiliar challenges when trying to address broad contextual issues in population health. To tackle the impact of Global Environmental Changes, the public health community needs to be equipped with the necessary scientific and technical means to anticipate and prevent human health consequences, for current and future generations, arising from degrading life support systems.⁷ Public health researchers have a significant responsibility for undertaking research that will assist society to understand and avert the health impacts of global changes. They are expected to expand and strengthen the knowledge of the implications of a depleted or destroyed natural environment for population health and of the social and health implications of increasing population and consumption in a world of finite resources.
Creating social and environmental conditions conducive to health is a multi-sectoral responsibility. The public health community has to take the lead in building strong partnerships and to be in the forefront of promoting population health as a key criterion of sustainable development.

TARJIMASI.

Sog'liqni saqlash va kasallikning kelib chiqishini tushunish inson sog'lig'iga e'tiborni faqatgina shaxsiy xatti-harakatlar, biologik xususiyatlar va o'ziga xos xavflar bilan emas, balki inson tajribasini shakllantiradigan ijtimoiy va jismoniy muhitning xususiyatlariga ham bog'liqligini talab qiladi. 20-asrning oxirida biomeditsinning ustunligi va inson salomatligi va kasalliklarini tadqiq qilishda ekologik nuqtai nazardan ko'proq e'tibor berish zarurati kuchaygan. Yangi sog'liqni saqlashning yangi paradigmasi salomatlik tushunchasiga asoslangan va sog'liq uchun qulay ijtimoiy va ekologik sharoit yaratishga asoslangan. 
Odamlar yashayotgan ijtimoiy va jismoniy muhit salomatligiga ta'sir qiladi. Jismoniy shaxslar va aholi sog'lom turmush tarzini yaxshilash uchun zarur bo'lgan resurslarga ega bo'lishni taklif qiladigan yoki to'sqinlik qiladigan ijtimoiy, siyosiy va iqtisodiy tizimlarga kiradi. Sog'liqni saqlashning oldingi biologik evolyutsiyasi, ijtimoiy va atrof-muhitning hozirgi sharoitlari bilan o'zaro bog'liqligi, jamoat tadbirlariga javob berishi mumkin bo'lgan va sog'liqni saqlash natijalarini yaxshilashga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan ijtimoiy va ekologik determinantlarni identifikatsiyalashga yordam beradi.
Jamiyat sog'ligi muammosi borgan sari global va murakkab, xususan, tezkor industrializatsiya, aholining o'sishi, tabiiy resurslardan ortiqcha iste'mol qilinishi va texnologiyalardan noto'g'ri foydalanish natijasida yuzaga keladigan global ekologik o'zgarishlardan kelib chiqqan ekologik va ijtimoiy tahdidlar. Ekotizimlarning hayotiy resurslari katta qismini tanazzulga solib, barqaror ravishda ishlatilmoqda. Ming yillikning ekotizimini baholashga ko'ra, ushbu o'zgarishlarning salomatlik oqibatlari allaqachon paydo bo'ladi va kelgusi 50 yil ichida yomonlashishi mumkin. ⁶
Olimlar, siyosatchilar va jamoatchilik sog'liqni saqlash amaliyotchilari aholi sog'lig'ida keng qamrovli masalalarni hal qilishga urinishda begona qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishmoqda. Global ekologik o'zgarishlarning ta'sirini bartaraf etish uchun jamoat salomatligi jamoatchiligi inson hayoti va sog'lig'i oqibatlarini oldini olish va oldini olish uchun kerakli ilmiy va texnik vositalar bilan jihozlangan bo'lishi kerak, bu mavjud va kelajak avlodlar uchun hayotni kamsituvchi tizimlardan kelib chiqadi. Jamoatchilik salomatligi sohasidagi tadqiqotchilar jamiyatga global o'zgarishlarning salbiy oqibatlarini tushunish va oldini olishga yordam beradigan tadqiqotlarni olib borishda katta mas'uliyat yuklaydi. Aholi salomatligi va aholining tobora o'sib borayotgan ijtimoiy va sog'liq ta'siri uchun cheklangan resurslar olamida iste'mol qilinadigan yoki vayron bo'lgan tabiiy muhitning ta'siri haqidagi bilimlarni kengaytirish va mustahkamlash kutilmoqda.
Sog'liqni saqlashga yordam beradigan ijtimoiy va ekologik sharoitlarni yaratish ko'p tarmoqli mas'uliyatdir. Jamoat salomatligi jamiyatlari barqaror rivojlanishning asosiy mezoni sifatida aholi salomatligini mustahkamlashda kuchli hamkorlikni yo'lga qo'yishda yetakchilik qilishlari kerak.