Tertium Organum



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Tertium-Organum-by-P-D-Ouspensky

separately,
weight; 
we never sense the resistance of a solid, as such. 
But we 
know 
that the world does not consist of surfaces, we know that we see the 
world incorrectly. We know that we 
never
see the 


world 
as it really is,
not only in the philosophical sense of this expression, but 
even in the most ordinary 
geometrical
sense. We have never seen a 
cube,

sphere,
etc., we have always seen only surfaces. Realizing this, we mentally 
correct what we see. Behind the surfaces we 
think
the solid. But we can never 
represent
a solid to ourselves; we cannot represent a cube or a sphere not in 
perspective, but from all sides at once. 
It is clear that the world does not exist in perspective; yet we are unable to 
see it in any other way. We see everything only in perspective, i.e. in 
perceiving it, we distort the world with our eye. And we know that we distort 
it. We know that it is not as we see it. And mentally we continually 
correct 
what the eye sees, 
substituting 
the real content for those symbols of things 
which our sight shows us. 
Our sight is a complex faculty. It consists of visual sensations, 
plus 
the 
memory of sensations of touch. A child tries to touch everything he sees - the 
nose of his nurse, the moon, the dancing spot of reflected sunlight on the 
wall. He learns only gradually to distinguish between the near and the far 
by
sight alone.
But we know that even in mature years we are easily subject to 
optical illusions. 
We see distant objects as flat, i.e. even more incorrectly, for relief is, after 
all, a symbol indicating a certain property of objects. At a great distance a 
man is outlined for us in silhouette. This happens because at long range we 
can never touch anything, and our eye has not been trained to notice the 
differences in surfaces which, at close range, are felt by the fingertips.*
We are never able to see even a small bit of the external world as it is, i.e. 
such as we know it to be. 
We can never see a writing desk or a cupboard 
simultaneously from all sides, as well as inside. 
Our eye distorts the external 
world in a certain way to enable us, in looking about, to determine the 
position of objects relatively to ourselves. But 
* In this connection, observations made on the blind beginning to see are very 
interesting. 
The periodical 
Slepetz
('The Blind Man') 1912, contains a description, based on 
direct observation, of how men, blind from birth
learn to see after an operation
which 
has restored their sight. 
This is how a youth of seventeen describes his experiences after the restoration of his 
sight by the removal of a cataract. On the third day after the operation he was asked 
what he saw; he replied that he saw a vast expanse of light with dim objects moving in 
it. He did not distinguish these objects. Only after four days did he begin to distinguish 
them, and only after two weeks, when his eyes became used to the light, did he begin to 
make a practical use of his sight for the discernment of objects. He was shown all the 
colours of the spectrum and very quickly mastered them, except the yellow and the 
green which he kept on confusing for a long time. A cube, a sphere and a pyramid
placed before him, seemed to him a square, a flat disc and a triangle. When a flat disc 
was placed next 


to look at the world 

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