Ted school

(+) Add (-) Subtract (*) Multiply (:)Divide (=) equal
25+32=57 twenty five added thirty two equals fifty seven
12-4=8 twelve subtracted by four equals eight
4*4=16 four multiplied by four equals sixteen or four times four equals sixteen
12/6=2 twelve divided by six equals two
The Pronoun (Olmosh)

• 
  Gapda boshqa so’z turkumlariga ishora qiluvchi so’zlarga olmosh
  

deyiladi.Olmoshlar quyidagi turlarga bo’linadi:


Personal pronoun
Possesive pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Negative pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Intorragative pronoun
Quantitive pronoun
Personal pronouns (Kishilik olmoshi):
Kishilik olmoshlari ikki xil turga bo’linadi :
Subjective pronoun – gapda doim ega bo’lib keluvchi va gapning boshida keluvchi
olmoshlardir.

Shaxs	Subjective		Objective
	Birlikda
I II III	I men You sen He u She u It u		Me meni you seni him uni her uni it uni
	Ko`plikda
I II III	We biz You siz They ular	Us bizni You sizni Them ularni

I

study at school .
You drive a car fast.
She lives in Chartak.

• 
  I olmoshi doim gapda bosh harf bilan yoziladi va boshqa olmosh yoki ot
  

bilan uyushib kelganda oxirida keladi.

Nozima, you and I are here to help you.

• 
  Ba’zida Subjective olmoshlar gapda to be dan keyin ham kelishi mumkin
  

bunda o’zidan keyin murakkab gap ishlatiladi.

It was I who was going to meet you yesterday.

It is She who helps Kamola every day.

• 
  Yakka o’zi to be dan keyin objective olmoshidan foydalanamiz.
  

It was me.
It is her.

He – erkaklarga nisbattan;

She – ayollarga nisbattan;
It – hayvonlar va jonsiz narsalarga nisbattan.

Mujskoy rod	Jenskiy rod	Sredniy rod
He Ishlatilishi: Erkaklarga nisbatan; Hayvonlarning jinsi erkakligini ifodalaganda; God (xudo) so’ziga nisbatan;	She Ishlatilishi: Ayollarga nisbatan; Hayvonlarning jinsi urg’ochiligini ifodalaganda; Davlat siyosiy birlik sifatida qaralsa; Kemalar uchun; Goddess ayol xudoga nisbattan.	It Ishlatilishi: Hayvonlar yoki jonsiz predmetlarga nisbattan; Suhbatdoshni ko’rmasdan murojat qilganda; Biror voqea, hodisa, vaziyatga nisbatan;

• 
  Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari gapda odatda to’ldiruvchi vazifasida
  

keladi. Pedloglardan keyin kelib, o’sha predlog beradigan ma’noni o’ziga
qo’shadi:


For me men uchun : He will buy a car for me.
From you sendan : He is asking a book from me.
To him unga : Lola gave a pencil to me
With her u bilan : I live with her in this flat.
About them ular haqida : I want to know about them.

I want to go with them. (with they emas) Men ular bilan ketishni xohlayman.

We are talking about him (about he emas). Biz u haqida gaplashayapmiz.

• 
  Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari fe’llardan keyin keladi:
  

I know him .
He will take me with him .

• 
  Verb + preposition shakli qatnashgan gaplarda ham object pronoun dan foydalanamiz.
  

Madina is looking for us.

I am afraid of her.

• 
  Ammo preposition kelganda har doim ham object pronoun dan foydalanib bo’lmaydi .Agar
  

preposition keyin murakkab gap shakli kelsa subject olmoshdan foydalanamiz.

Malika will make her presentation after him.

Malika will make her presentation after She finishes his speech.

Possessive pronouns:

• 
  Egalik olmoshi 2 xil bo’ladi:
  

a) Egalik olmoshi sifat shakli
b) Egalik olmoshi ot shakli

Shaxs	Kishilik olmoshi	Egalik olmoshi sifat shakli	Egalik olmoshi ot shakli
	Birlik
I	I	My mening	Mine meniki
II	You	Your sening	Yours seniki
III	He	His Her uning Its	His Hers uniki Its
	She
	It
	Ko’plik
I	We	Our bizning	Ours bizniki
II	You	Your sizning	Yours sizniki
III	They	Their ularning	Theirs ularniki

• 
  Egalik olmoshi sifat shakli whose?Kimning? So’rog’iga javob bo’lib, gapda
  

aniqlovchi vazifasida keladi. U ko’rsatgich hisoblanib, ulardan oldin ham
keyin ham artikl ishlatilmaydi.
My pen is on your table.
Kamola is washing her clothes.

• 
  Agar otdan oldin boshqa aniqlovchi bo’lsa, egalik olmoshi (boshqa har
  

qanday ko’rsatgich kabi) o’sha aniqlovchidan oldinga o’tadi:


My black pen is on your wooden table.

• 
  Egalik olmoshi ot shakli esa whose?Kimniki? So’rog’iga javob bo’lib, gapda ega yoki
  

ot kesim vazifalarida kelishi mumkin:

This hat is yours. Mine is blue.

• 
  Ot egalik olmoshi asosan oldingi otni ikkinchisiga takrorlamaslik uchun ya’ni takrorni
  

oldini olish uchun ishlatiladi.

My hair is longer than yours.(your hair)

I don’t like your car.Because yours ( your car) doesn’t run fast.

• 
  Egalik olmoshi ot shaklidan keyin ot kelmaydi, sifat shakli esa otsiz kelmaydi:
  

This is my book. Bu mening kitobim.
This book is mine. Bu kitob meniki.

• 
  Quyidagilarning tarjimasiga e’tibor bering:
  

I’ve broken my pen. Men ruchkamni sindirib qo’ydim.
She has lost her book. U kitobini yo’qotib qo’ydi.

• 
  Of + Possessive Pronoun Iborasi One Of + Possessive Adjective = Plural Nounga Teng.
  

A friend of mine = One Of My Friends – Mening dustlarimdan Biri.
A brother of hers = One Of Her Brothers – Uning akalaridan Biri.
Two relatives of ours =two of our relatives – Bizning qarindoshlarimizdan ikkitasi.
Reflexive pronouns:

• 
  O’zlik olmoshlari my, your him, her, it olmoshlariga self ni, our, your, them olmoshlariga selves ni
  

qo’shish orqali yasaladi va ular ish harakatni egani o’zini ustida amalga oshishini ko’rsatish uchun ishlatiladi:

Shaxs	Birlik	Ko’plik
I	Myself o’zim	Ourselves o’zimiz
II	Yourself o’zing	Yourselves o’zingiz
III	Himself Herself o’zi Itself	Themselves o’zlari

• 
  O’zlik olmoshlari eganing ish-harakatni o’zi bajarganligini ta’kidlab, egadan
  

keyin yoki gapning oxirida ishlatiladi:

I saw him myself. Men uni o’zim ko’rdim.

I myself saw him. Men o’zim uni ko’rdim.

• 
  O’zlik olmoshlari ish-harakat gap egasining o’ziga nisbatan bajarilishini
  

ifodalaydi:

I saw myself in the mirror. Men ko’zguda o’zimni ko’rdim.

Don’t play with matches. You might burn yourself.

• 
  Agar gapda boshqa otga e’tibor qaratmoqchi bo’lsak unda gap egasiga qarab emas ana shu otga
  

qarab o’zlik olmoshi ishlatamiz.

I must talk to the director himself.

• 
  O’zlik olmoshi verb + preposition dan keyin predlogning obekti sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin.
  

He spoke to himself. Did she pay for herself?

Look after yourself. Take care of yourself.
I’m annoyed with myself. She addressed the envelope to herself.

• 
  O’zlik olmoshi quyidagi fe’llar bilan kelsa biroz farqli tarjima qilinadi.
  

Help yourself - olishib o’tirrmoq,o’z o’ziga xizmat ko’rsatmoq
Make yourself at home -o’zini o’z uyidagidek xis qilmoq
Enjoy yourself- vaqtini chog’ o’tkazmoq
Cut yourself - qo’lini kesib olmoq
Burn yourself –qo’lini kuydirib olmoq
Behave yourself – o’zini yaxshi tutmoq

Yesterday we enjoyed ourselves by playing football with our friends .

• 
  O’zlik olmoshi By predlogiga bog’lanib kelishi mumkin unda u o’zi yolg’iz deb tarjima
  

By + reflexive pronoun = alone

I want to live here by myself.

Quyidagi iboralarni ham eslab qoling:

On my own / by myself – yolg’iz o’zim
On his/her/its own / by himself/herself/itself – yolg’iz o’zi
On your own/ by yourself – yolg’iz o’zing
On our own / by ourselves – yolg’iz o’zimiz
On your own/ by yourselves – yolg’iz o’zingiz.
On their own / by themselves – yolg’iz o’zlari

We are living on our own/by ourselves in this flat.

O’rin-joyni ifodalaydigan predloglardan va with dan keyino’zlik olmoshlari ishlatilmaydi. Ular o’rniga kishilik olmoshlari tushum kelishik shakli ishlatiladi:

I took my book with me. Kitobimni o’zim bilan oldim.

Bob brought his books with him. Bob kitoblarini o’zi bilan olib ketdi.
I looked around me. Men atrofimga qaradim.
She kept her son close to her. U o’g’lini o’ziga yaqin saqladi.

Reciprocal pronouns:

• 
  Birgalik olmoshlariga each other va one another(bir-birini) kiradi. Bular ish harakatni qarama qarshi
  

yonalganligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.

Tom looked at himself and Ann looked at herself. They looked at themselves

• 
  Each other odatda 2 shaxs yoki buyumga nisbatan ishlatiladi. One another esa ko’pchilikka
  

nisbatan. (Lekin bu ikki olmosh bir birovining o’rnida ham ishlatilishi mumkin).

They have known each other for 2 years. Ular bir-birini 2 yildan beri tanishadi.

Our classmates often see one another. Sinfdoshlarimiz bir-birlarini tez tez ko’rib turishadi.
Auto-racing is a kind of race where cars compete among each other. Avto-poyga bu mashinalar bir birovi
bilan. musobaqalashadigan poyga hisoblanadi.
Demonstrative pronouns:

• 
  Ko’rsatish olmoshlari ko’rsatgich hisoblanib, boshqa ko’rsatgichlar kabi otdan oldin kelganda artikl
  

ishlatilmaydi, ot oldida aniqlovchi kelsa, undan oldinga o’tadi:

He lives in that house. U ana u uyda yashaydi.

He lives in that white house. U ana u oq uyda yashaydi.

•