Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively

Relationship between the evidence and 

Recommendation 1. The evidence was 

largely aligned with both components of the 

recommendation (1a and 1b). Eight studies 

examined practices related to both Recom-

mendation 1a and Recommendation 1b,

122

 

while three examined practices related only 

to Recommendation 1a (i.e., instruction on 

writing strategies without the Model-Practice-

Reflect instructional approach).

123

Seven studies examined the recommended 

practices without other intervention compo-

nents, providing a direct test of the recom-

mendation.

124

 Four studies examined the 

effects of the recommended practice in com-

bination with other recommended practices 

(integrated reading and writing instruction or 

formative assessment).

125

 These latter studies 

did not provide a direct test of the recommen-

dation, but the panel determined that strategy 

instruction with a Model-Practice-Reflect 

approach was a critical component of the 

study interventions. In combination with the 

seven studies that directly tested the interven-

tion, the panel and staff determined that the 

evidence collectively supports a strong level 

of evidence.