Autonomy and Language Learning
It is a commonly held view that language learning is greatly enhanced when a
student has control over the goals and the content of a course of study (Little, 1991;
Dam, 1995). Helping students to develop autonomous learning capacities can be
approached in a number of ways. These approaches are often given under an umbrella
term of learner training and may consist of awareness raising, scaffolding, strategy
training, increased social interaction, and the encouragement of reflection.
Three pedagogical principles may be suggested to express the characterization of
an autonomous learner in language classroom: 1. learner empowerment, 2. reflectivity,
and 3. appropriate target language use (Little, 1991).
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