Teaching and learning Foreign Languages in Uzbekistan


Information Processing (IP)



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Information Processing (IP) 
Approaches  based  on  IP  are  concerned  with  the  mental  processes  involved  in 
language learning and use. These include perception and the input of new information; 
the  formation,  organization,  and  regulation  of  internal  (mental)  representations;  and 
retrieval  and  output  strategies.  The  information  processing  approach  makes  a  number 
of assumptions: 
(1)  Second  language  learning  is  the  acquisition  of  a  complex  cognitive  skill.  In 
this respect language learning is like the acquisition of other complex skills. 
(2) Complex skills can be reduced to sets of simpler component skills, which are 
hierarchically  organized.  Lower-order  component  skills  are  prerequisite  to  learning  of 
higher-order skills.  
(3)  Learning  of  a  skill  initially  demands  learners’  attention,  and  thus  involves 
controlled processing. 
(4)  Controlled  processing  requires  considerable  mental  “space,”  or  attentional 
effort. 
(5) Humans are limited-capacity processors. They can attend to a limited number 
of controlled processing demands at one time. 
(6) Learners go from controlled to automatic processing with practice.  
Automatic processing requires less mental “space” and attentional effort. 
(7)  Learning  essentially  involves  development  from  controlled  to  automatic 
processing of component skills, freeing learners’ controlled processing capacity for new 
information and higher-order skills. 


 
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(8)  Along  with  development  from  controlled  to  automatic  processing,  learning 
also essentially involves restructuring or reorganization of mental representations. 
(9)  Reorganizing  mental  representations  as  part  of  learning  makes  structures 
more coordinated, integrated, and efficient, including a faster response time when they 
are activated.  
(10) In SLA, restructuring of internal L2 representations, along with larger stores 
in memory, accounts for increasing levels of L2 proficiency. 

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