Teacher: AxmedovUtkir Pronouns

Teacher: AxmedovUtkir

Pronouns

1. 
   Olmosh deb, ot va sifat o‘rnida ishlatiladigan so‘zlarga aytiladi.
   

KISHILIK OLMOSHLARI (PERSONAL PRONOUNS)
Kishilik olmoshlari har doim olmosh-otbo‘lib keladi. Ularda ikkita kelishik bor:
Bosh kelishik (the Subject Case) vaobyekt kelishigi (theObject Case).

Shaxs	Kishilikolmoshi Boshkelishik	Kishilikolmoshi Obyektkelishigi	egalikolmosh-sifat	egalikolmosh-ot	O‘ZLIK OLMOSHI
	Birlik	Birlik	Birlik	Birlik	Birlik
I	I	Me	My	Mine	Myself
II	You	You	Your	Yours	Yourself
III	He	Him	His	His	Himself
	She	Her	Her	Hers	Herself
	It	It	Its	-----	Itself
	Ko‘plik	Ko‘plik	Ko‘plik	Ko‘plik	Ko‘plik
I	We	Us	Our	Ours	Ourselves
II	You	You	Your	Yours	Yourselves
III	They	Them	Their	Theirs	Themselves
Question	Who? What? Kim? Nima?	Whom? Kimni? Kimga?	Whose? Kimning?	Whose? Kimniki?	Who? O`zim
	Subject I am driver	Object Give me	Attribute My book	Attribute A book of mine	I did by myself

2. 
   There+be birornarsahaqidabirinchimartagapirsakishlatamiz.
   

It + be bizgama`lumbo`lganotgaqo`shimchama`lumothamdashaxsningjinsinianiqlashdaishlatiladi.
Ex: There is a message for you. It is from your friend.
Ex: Who is on the phone? It isMrFarxod
It olmoshiweather-obhavo, distance-masofa, temperature-harorat, time-vaqt
vait seems/appears that-go`yoki, it said that-aytishlaricha, it doesn`t matter-farqiyo`q, it looks like-kabiko`rinadi,kabilarbilan ham keladi.
Ex: It is a ten-minute drive to the airport. It seems that there are some problems with the computer.
It ma`lumnarsahaqidagapirgandaone esanom`lumnarsahaqidagapirsakishlatiladi.
Ex: I can`t find my wallet. Have you seen it? I haven`t got any nice jumpers. I need to buy one.

3. 
   Odatdaegalikolmoshsifatnitanavakiyimlarganisbatanishlatiladi.
   

Ex: He put his jacket and his hat and left.
Egalikolmoshsifato`rnigaTheartikiliniishlatamizagardatanagaog`riqbildiruvchife`llarqatnashsa

Blow-zarba
Pain-dard
Hit-urmoq
Punch-mushtlamoq
Slap-tarsakilamoq
Bite-tishlamoq
Touch-tegibketmoq
Pat-sekinurmoq
Sting-diliniog`ritmoq

Ex: She patted him on the shoulder. He`s got a pain in the shoulder

4. 
   Own so`zikimgadirnimadirtegishliekanligini 2 xilyo`lbilanbildiradi.
   

Noun + Of + my/your + own: I wish I had a room of my own.
My/your + own + noun : I wish I had my own room.

5. 
   Possessive case-qaratqichkelishigi. Asosanjonlinarsalargaishlatiladi. Kimning? Nima? So`rog`igajav.Beradi.
   

1. 
   Birlikotuchun +`s –ning: father`s book
   
2. 
   ko`plikotuchun +s`-larning: boys book
   
3. 
   o`zakdano`zgarsa +`s-larning: men`s shoes
   
4. 
   agar birotikkikishigategishlibo`lsaqaratqichkelishigiikkinchiotgaqo`yiladi: Fayoz and Asli`s book.
   
5. 
   Qaratqichkelishiginiharbirotgaqo`yamizqachonkiotharbirshaxsgategishlibo`lsa.
   

Fayoz`s and Khamdam`s books.

6. 
   Joy, vaqt, davrvabirovninguyidama`nosida ham`sishlatiladi. Ex: At the chemist`s, at Anvar`s,
   

A year`s savings, two hour`s drive, today`s news
Of – asosanjonsiznarsalarganisbatanishlatiladivaNima? Nimaning?So`rog`igajavobberadi.
Ex: the roof of the house, the price of the living
a/the/this/that + noun + of + possessive Ex: She`s a colleague of mine.
Joy hamdatashkilotnomlarioldidan b`s va ofniishlatishimizmo`mkin.
Ex: Rome`s population or the population of Rome

6. 
   Reflexive pronouns - O‘ZLIK OLMOSHLARI quyidagife`llarbilanishlatiladi:
   

Behave-o`zinitutmoq
Burn-kuymoq
Cut-kesmoq
Enjoy-rohatlanmoq
Hurt-shikastlanmoq
Introduce-tanishtirmoq
Kill-o`ldirmoq
Look at-qaramoq
Teach-o`qitmoq

Ex: Gulmira taught herself how to play the doira.
O‘ZLIK OLMOSHLARIBYpredlogibilankelsa “yolg`iz, biro`zi” ma`nosinianglatadi. Ex: Father fixed the roof by himself.
He hates travelling by himself/on his own.
O‘ZLIK OLMOSHLARIningquyidagibirikmalarbilanishlatilishi:
Enjoy yourself-vaqtizniyaxshio`tkazing, Behave yourself-o`zizniyaxshituting, Help yourself-olingmarhamat.
O‘ZLIK OLMOSHLARIgapningegasiyokito`ldiruvchisigaqarabqo`yiladi. I spoke to the manager himself.

O‘ZLIK OLMOSHLARI- o`rin joy predloglarivaquyidagife`llarbilanishlatilmaydi.

Concentrate-fikrnijamlamoq, Feel-his qilmoq, Meet-o`chratmoq, Relax-dam olmoq, Dress-kiyinmoq, wash-yuvinmoq, shave-saqolniolmoq
Ex: I feel nervous. She looked behind her.


Dress-kiyinmoq, wash-yuvinmoq, shave-saqolniolmoqfe`llaribilanqiyinchilikasosidabajarilsao`zlikolmoshiishlatiladi: Ex: She washed, dressed, and then had breakfast.
He had a broken arm, but he managed to shave himself.


Each other-ikkikishibir-birini: Tom and Ann love
Themselves –o`zlarinio`zlari: They enjoyed themselves.

7. 
   Demonstrative pronouns – ko`rsatisholmoshlariThis-bu, these-bular, that-ana u, those-anaular.
   

Ko`rsatisholmoshlariotbilanishlatilsasifatlashadi: This book is boring.
Yolg`izo`zikelsayakkatartibdako`rsatisholmoshlarivazifasidaishlatiladi.This is a book.

1. 
   This/these: Asosanyaqinjoydabo`lganodamyokinarsalargaishlatiladi: This is my book.
   
2. 
   Hozirgivakelasizamonuchun: I am leaving to Tashkent this week.
   
3. 
   Telefonda, birovnitanishtirish: Hello? This is Umid. Mum this is Komila.
   

1. 
   That/those-asosanuzoqjoydabo`lganodamyokinarsalargaishlatiladi:That man over there …
   
2. 
   O`tganzamonvao`tmishdagivoqealaruchun: That was a great party. That`s awful.
   
3. 
   Qo`ng`iroqqiluvchiningkimliginiso`rasak: Who`s speaking?
   

8. 
   SOME/ANY/NO-gumonolmoshi. (birqancha, biroz)
   

	Affirmative-bo`lishligaplaruchun	Interrogative-so`roqgaplaruchun	Negative-inkorgaplaruchun
Countable/ uncountable	Some	Any	Not any/ no
People – odamlaruchun	Someone/somebody	Anyone/anybody	No one/not anyone/nobody/not anybody
Things–narsalar	Something	Anything	Nothing /not anything
Places – joylar	Somewhere	Anywhere	Nowhere/not anywhere

1. 
   Some-ko`plikvasanoqsizotlaroldidanbo`lishligapdaishlatiladi.
   

Ex: I have some friends/money.

2. 
   Any- ko`plikvasanoqsizotlaroldidanso`roqvainkorgapdaishlatiladi.
   

Ex:I do not have any books/sugar. Do you have any brothers/meat?
Any vaunigbirikmalariinkorgapdaishlatilganiuchungapdaqo`yidagiso`zlarbilankeladi:
Without-siz, never-hechqachon, seldom, rarely-kamdankam, hardly-ba`zur.
Ex:I can do this without any help.

3. 
   No – ko`plikvasanoqsizotlaroldidanInkorma`nodaishlatiladi
   

Ex:He has got nomoney=He hasn`t got any money.
No=not any Not anything=nothing, Not anybody=nobody, Not anywhere=nowhere

4. 
   Some, any, no + noun: some, any, no books/milk
   
5. 
   Some, any, no li birikmalardankeyinotkelmaydi, fe`lningbirlikshakliqo`yiladi.
   

Ex: There is something wrong with the computer


Note: Someiltimos(request), taklif(offer), hadeganjavobnitalabqiladiganso`roqgaplardaqatnashadi.
Ex: Can I have some tea? (request) Would you like some coffee? (offer)
This place is crowded. Shall we go somewhere else?


Any istagan, hohlaganma`nosidabo`lishligapdaishlatiladi.
Ex: You can come any day you like. I`ll find you anywhere you go.

6. 
   Every – “har“ deganmaqnonibildirib, sanaladiganbirlikdagiotbilanishlatiladi.
   

Ex: Everybody/everyone wants to be happy. Everything is ready for the wedding.

9. 
   Else – “boshqa, yana” ma`nonibildiribgumonolmoshlarisomebody, anybody, nothing, everywhere hamdamaxsusso`roqolmoshlari who, what, why, when, where, how kabilarbilanfe`lningbirlishaklidakeladi.
   

Ex: Can I get you anything else? Kim hasn`t arrived yet but everybody else is here.
I`ve been to Tashkent twice this year. Really? Where else have you been?
I bought a lovely rug from the market. What else did you buy?
Anything (else) nothing (else) butbilan ham ishlatiladi.
Ex: I haven`t got anything else to offer but my advice.


Or else- aksholda: Ex: Hurry up or else we`ll our flight.
Elsewhere – somewhere else –boshqabir joy
Ex: If you are not satisfied with the service in this restaurant, you can go elsewhere.

10. 
    Every/ each – sanaladiganbirlikdagiotbilanishlatiladi.
    

Each-ikkishaxsyokinarsabuyumuchun.Ex: He was holding an ice cream in each hand.
Every – uchvaundanortiqshaxsyokinarsabuyumuchun. Ex:Every part of my body hurt after the fall.