Teach english new edition r



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how to teach english

time lines 
to explain time, simple 
versus continuous and aspect (e.g. perfect tenses). For example, if we want to explain the 
present perfect continuous tense, we can use a tim e line to demonstrate ‘I’ve been living 
here since 2004’.
If we can’t show something in one of the ways m entioned above, we can 
describe
the 
meaning of the word. For example, a ‘generous’ person is someone who shares their time 
and their money/possessions with you. ‘Nasty’ is the opposite of ‘nice’. A ‘radish’ is a kind 
of vegetable.
If describing meaning isn’t appropriate, we can list vocabulary items to explain concepts. 
For example, if we want students to understand the idea of the ‘caring professions’ (perhaps 
because the phrase came up in a text), we can list a num ber of jobs such as ‘doctor’, ‘nurse’, 
‘social worker’ and ‘counsellor’ to explain the phrase. We can also use 
check questions
to make sure students have understood correctly. If they are learning how to make third 
conditional sentences (see page 74) and one of the examples is ‘If she’d missed the bus, she 
would have been late for work’, we can ask the students questions such as ‘Did she miss the 
bus?’ and ‘Was she late for work?’.
A way of making meaning absolutely clear, of course, is to translate words and phrases. 
Sometimes this is easy; all languages have a word for ‘book’. Sometimes, however, it is more 
complex; many languages do not have an absolute equivalent for the English phrase ‘devil- 
may-care attitude’ and translating idioms such as ‘to pull the wool over someone’s eyes’
83


Chapter 6
means having to find an LI equivalent, even though it may be constructed completely 
differently.
The trick of explaining meaning effectively is to choose the best m ethod to fit the m ean­
ing that needs to be explained. In actual fact, m ost teachers use a m ixture of some or all of 
these techniques. However, check questions are especially im portant since they allow us to 
determine if our explanations have been effective.

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