Tasks for Seminar 16 Theoretical questions

Tasks for Seminar 16 1. Theoretical questions

1. 
   What is a lexical layer?
   
2. 
   What are borrowings?
   
3. 
   What types of borrowings do you know in compared languages?
   

2. 
   Find borrowed words in English from French.
   
3. 
   Find borrowed words In Uzbek from Arabic, Persian or Turkic.
   
4. 
   Compare borrowed words in English and Uzbek (Russian).
   

1. 
   
   

1. 
   Lexical layers are sub-components of the lexicon (vocabulary) of the language which have become part of a given language through direct or indirect contact with another language or languages. The contact may be on-going synchronic interaction or have occurred during the historical development of the language. Layers may have their own phonological, morphological, semantic, stylistic, syntactic, orthographic identity to the point where they may, at times, be identified in some way by native speakers who recognize that they are different from the core lexicon of their language.
   
2. 
   Borrowings are the words adopted from other languages. Borrowing is a consequence of cultural contact between two language communities. Borrowing of words can go in both directions between the two languages in contact, but often there is an asymmetry, such that more words go from one side to the other.
   
3. 
   types of borrowings:
   

• 
  loan words
  
• 
  translation loans
  
• 
  semantic borrowings
  

2. 
   Illusion – from the Old French word illusion
   

Souvenir – from the French word souvenir (memory)

Technique – from the French word technique

Valid – from the Middle French word valide

Ballet – from the French word ballet

3. 
   Anhor – from Arabic plural form of the word “river”
   

Inson - from Arabic word “insan”

Arslon – from the Turkish word meaning “lion”

Sarpo – from the Persian word meaning “head to foot”

4. 
   Latin: “tinge maternal”  mother tongue;
   

English: “Periodical journals” периодическиежурналы;

Russian: “Дом престарелых”қариялар уйиandetc.