Task 8 Exercise # Answer the questions with short and definite statements

TASK 18

Exercise # 1 Answer the questions with short and definite statements

1. 
   What kind of relations does lexical typology have with other types of Comparative Typology?
   
2. 
   What can lexical typology be dealt with?
   
3. 
   How can you define the term “lexicon”?
   
4. 
   What branches of lexical typology do you know?
   
5. 
   The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition (Lexical level).
   

1. 
   Comparative typology, as the notion itself reveals, represents a linguistic subject of typology based on the method of comparison. Like typology proper Comparative typology also aims at establishing the most general structural types of languages on their dominant or common phonetically, morphological, lexical and syntactical features. Comparative typology may equally treat dominant or common features only, as well as divergent features only, which are found in languages of the same structural type (synthetic, analytical, agglutinative, etc) or in languages of the different structural types, (synthetic and analytical, agglutinative and incorporative, etc).
   

Classification of the main essential features of languages, the most important characteristics and regularities are the subject of comp. typology.

The final aims of comp. typ.are:

• 
  To identify and classify accordingly the main isomorphic and allomorphic features characteristic of languages under investigation;
  
• 
  To draw from these common or divergent features respectively the isomorphic regularities and the allomorphic singularities in the languages contrasted;
  
• 
  To establish on the basis of the obtained isomorphic features the typical language structures and the types of languages;
  
• 
  To perform on the basis of the obtained practical data a truly scientific classification of the existing languages of the world;
  
• 
  To establish on this basis the universal features/phenomena, which pertain to each single language of the world.
  

2. 
   Lexical typology studies organization of semantic fields, such as verbs of motion, verbs of location, or physical qualities. Languages tend to lexicalize these semantic zones in different ways. Lexical typologists want to know how many lexical items can be in a language to cover all the meanings of a given field, what meanings are frequently opposed (that is, covered by different lexemes) in languages, and what meanings, on the contrary, are usually expressed in one word.
   
3. 
   A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word  (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.
   
4. 
   Branches of typology.
   

phonological – studies sounds and their classification and types

lexical – (words and their meaning)

phraseology –

morphological – (structure of a word , category, case, gender)

general – (types of language, classification)

special – (modern eng. – middle eng.)