Knox: Yeah. I was angry. I was pacing, thinking about what Meredith must have been
through.
Sawyer: Sorry about that now?
Knox: I wish I could’ve been more mature about it, yeah.
In a situation that typically calls for a sympathetic response, Knox was loud and angry. The
interview continues:
Sawyer: You can see that this does not look like grief. Does not read as grief.
The interview was conducted long after the miscarriage of justice in the Kercher case had
become obvious. Knox had just been freed after spending four years in an Italian prison for the
crime of not behaving the way we think people are supposed to behave after their roommate is
murdered. Yet what does Diane Sawyer say to her? She scolds her for not behaving the way we
think people are supposed to behave after their roommate is murdered.
In the introduction to the interview, the news anchor says that Knox’s case remains
controversial because, in part, “her pleas for innocence seemed to many people more cold and
calculating than remorseful”—which is an even more bizarre thing to say, isn’t it? Why would
we expect Knox to be remorseful? We expect remorse from the guilty. Knox didn’t do anything.
But she’s still being criticized for being “cold and calculating.” At every turn, Knox cannot
escape censure for her weirdness.
Knox: I think everyone’s reaction to something horrible is different.
She’s right! Why can’t someone be angry in response to a murder, rather than sad? If you
were Amanda Knox’s friend, none of this would surprise you. You would have seen Knox
walking down the street like an elephant. But with strangers, we’re intolerant of emotional
responses that fall outside expectations.
While waiting to be interviewed by police, four days after Kercher’s body was discovered,
Knox decided to stretch. She’d been sitting, slumped, for hours. She touched her toes, held her
arms over her head. The policeman on duty said to her, “You seem really flexible.”
I replied, “I used to do a lot of yoga.” He said, “Can you show me? What else can you do?” I
took a few steps toward the elevator and did a split. It felt good to know I still could. While I
was on the floor, legs splayed, the elevator doors opened. Rita Ficarra, the cop who had
reprimanded Raffaele and me about kissing the day before, stepped out. “What are you
doing?” she demanded, her voice full of contempt.
3
The lead investigator in the case, Edgardo Giobbi, says he had doubts about Knox from the
moment she walked with him through the crime scene. As she put on protective booties, she
swiveled her hips and said, “Ta-dah.”
“We were able to establish guilt,” Giobbi said, “by closely observing the suspect’s
psychological and behavioral reaction during the interrogation. We don’t need to rely on other
kinds of investigation.”
The prosecutor in the case, Giuliano Mignini, brushed off the mounting criticisms of the way
his office had handled the murder. Why did people focus so much on the botched DNA analysis?
“Every piece of proof has aspects of uncertainty,” he said. The real issue was mismatched
Amanda. “I have to remind you that her behavior was completely inexplicable. Totally irrational.
There’s no doubt of this.”
4
From Bernard Madoff to Amanda Knox, we do not do well with the mismatched.
4.
The most disturbing of Tim Levine’s findings was when he showed his lying videotapes to a
group of seasoned law-enforcement agents—people with fifteen years or more of interrogation
experience. He had previously used as his judges students and adults from ordinary walks of life.
They didn’t do well, but perhaps that’s to be expected. If you are a real-estate agent or a
philosophy major, identifying deception in an interrogation isn’t necessarily something you do
every day. But maybe, he thought, people whose job it was to do exactly the kind of thing he was
measuring would be better.
In one respect, they were. On “matched” senders, the seasoned interrogators were perfect.
You or I would probably come in at 70 or 75 percent on that set of tapes. But everyone in
Levine’s group of highly experienced experts got every matched sender right. On mismatched
senders, however, their performance was abysmal: they got 20 percent right. And on the
subcategory of sincere-acting liars, they came in at 14 percent—a score so low that it ought to
give chills to anyone who ever gets hauled into an interrogation room with an FBI agent. When
they are confronted with Blushing Sally—the easy case—they are flawless. But when it comes to
the Amanda Knoxes and Bernie Madoffs of the world, they are hapless.
This is distressing because we don’t need law-enforcement experts to help us with matched
strangers. We’re all good at knowing when these kinds of people are misleading us or telling us
the truth. We need help with mismatched strangers—the difficult cases. A trained interrogator
ought to be adept at getting beneath the confusing signals of demeanor, at understanding that
when Nervous Nelly overexplains and gets defensive, that’s who she is—someone who
overexplains and gets defensive. The police officer ought to be the person who sees the quirky,
inappropriate girl in a culture far different from her own say “Ta-dah” and realize that she’s just
a quirky girl in a culture far different from her own. But that’s not what we get. Instead, the
people charged with making determinations of innocence and guilt seem to be as bad as or even
worse than the rest of us when it comes to the hardest cases.
Is this part of the reason for wrongful convictions? Is the legal system constitutionally
incapable of delivering justice to the mismatched? When a judge makes a bail decision and badly
underperforms a computer, is this why? Are we sending perfectly harmless people to prison
while they await trial simply because they don’t look right? We all accept the flaws and
inaccuracies of institutional judgment when we believe that those mistakes are random. But Tim
Levine’s research suggests that they aren’t random—that we have built a world that
systematically discriminates against a class of people who, through no fault of their own, violate
our ridiculous ideas about transparency. The Amanda Knox story deserves to be retold not
because it was a once-in-a-lifetime crime saga—a beautiful woman, a picturesque Italian hilltop
town, a gruesome murder. It deserves retelling because it happens all the time.
“Her eyes didn’t seem to show any sadness, and I remember wondering if she could have
been involved,” one of Meredith Kercher’s friends said.
Amanda Knox heard years of this—perfect strangers pretending to know who she was based
on the expression on her face.
“There is no trace of me in the room where Meredith was murdered,” Knox says, at the end of
the Amanda Knox documentary. “But you’re trying to find the answer in my eyes.…You’re
looking at me. Why? These are my eyes. They’re not objective evidence.”
1
Here’s another example: Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, one of the two Chechen brothers who planted a series of deadly bombs at
the Boston Marathon in 2013. The chief issue in Tsarnaev’s trial was whether he would escape the death penalty. The
prosecutor, Nadine Pellegrini, argued strongly that he shouldn’t, because he felt no remorse for his actions. At one point
Pellegrini showed the jury a photograph of Tsarnaev in his cell, giving the finger to the video camera in the corner. “He
had one last message to send,” she said, calling Tsarnaev “unconcerned, unrepentant, and unchanged.” In Slate magazine,
on the eve of the verdict, Seth Stevenson wrote:
And though it’s risky to read too deeply into slouches and tics, Tsarnaev certainly hasn’t made much effort to appear chastened or
regretful before the jury. The closed-circuit cameras that were broadcasting from the courtroom to the media room Tuesday
were not high-resolution enough that I can 100 percent swear by this, but: I’m pretty sure that after Pellegrini showed that
photo of him flipping the bird, Tsarnaev smirked.
Sure enough, Tsarnaev was found guilty and sentenced to death. Afterward, ten members of the twelve-person jury said they
believed he had felt no remorse.
But as psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett points out, all of this discussion of whether Tsarnaev did or did not regret his actions is
a perfect example of the pitfalls of transparency. The jury assumed that whatever Tsarnaev felt in his heart would be
automatically posted on his face, in a way that matched American ideas about how emotions are supposed to be displayed.
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