SylbV01-00-00. pmd

Unit 2:
Conventional methods of breeding
Objectives and pre-requisites of mulberry breeding. Genetics of
important traits. Early works of mulberry breeding, problems associated
with mulberry breeding, conditions favouring mulberry breeding.
Reproductive systems and plant breeding methods, Pollination in
mulberry and crossing techniques. Mulberry varieties developed
through direct selection, selection without controlled pollination,
controlled pollination methods, handling of segregating progenies,
Conventional methods of breeding- introduction, clonal selection,
backcross method. Intervarietal and distant hybridization. Heterosis
breeding. Population improvement. Polycross hybrids – Principles
involved, advantages and disadvantages, steps in development of
polycross hybrids. Multilocational trial and mulberry authorization

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Sericulture
729
programme, testing of feed quality. Advanced generation breeding.
Improved varietal evaluation distribution and maintenance. Challenges
for future.
Unit 3:
Non-conventional methods of breeding
Polyploidy breeding in mulberry: Introduction, origin of polyploids,
general features of polyploidy, induction of polyploidy and optimal
level, special features of triploids, process of triploid mulberry
development, varieties developed by polyploidy breeding in mulberry.
Mutation breeding in mulberry: Induction of mutation, bud mutation
and chimeras, mutation breeding achievements in mulberry, usefulness
of induced mutation, cutting back treatment, limitations and
achievements of mutation breeding in mulberry.Breeding for leaf
quality, resistance against diseases and pests, tolerance for drought,
alkalinity and salinity. Evaluation of mulberry genotypes for different
growth and yield parameters. Centres involved in mulberry
improvement. Statistical approaches for yield test: Field plot techniques
in mulberry breeding experiments. Different experimental designs-
RCBD, ARCBD and LSD. Recent approaches in mulberry improvement:
In-vitro 
techniques- achievements and prospects.
VII. Practicals
• Floral structure of mulberry;
• Floral biology of mulberry;
• Practising of staggered pruning in mulberry for inducing flowering;
• Sporogenesis: Micro and Megasporogenesis in mulberry;
• Preparation of mitosis slides in mulberry;
• Preparation of meiosis slides in mulberry;
• Study of pollen morphology, pollen fertility and viability;
• Study of stigma receptivity;
• Pollination and crossing techniques in mulberry;
• Characterization of available mulberry germplasm;
• Collection of mulberry fruits, extraction of seeds and raising of seedlings;
• Practising of selection in segregating population/ progenies;
• Study of varietal characteristics of released mulberry varieties;
• Layout of field experiments in mulberry for yield evaluation;
• Techniques of induction of mutants and polyploidy in mulberry;
• Testing for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in mulberry;
• Breeding for quality improvement in mulberry;
• Visit to Germplasm research station, CSGRC, Hosur.