Sulfanilamide and its derivatives

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PRACTICAL LESSON 17 
SULFANILAMIDE AND ITS DERIVATIVES 
1.
Form the names of acids with the helping of the suffix –ic and translate 
them into Uzbek/Russian
. 
Acetyl → acetic acid 
Chlor, sulphur, benzene, sulphamine, acetone, chlorate, hydrochloride, 
nitrogen, chloroform, iodate. 
2.
 
Key words: 
Fundamental, intermediate, excess, ammonia, choice, range, to assay, to 
determine, point, to substitute, to exhibit, dizziness, cyanosis, hemolytic 
anemia, psychosis, acidosis, fever, rash, adequate, care, counteract, overcome, 
avoid. 
3.
 
Read and translate the text into Uzbek/Russian. 
The most important development in the history of 
chemotherapy
was the 
discovery of the antibacterial powers of p-aminobenzene sulfonamide and its 
derivatives
. This 
compound
is better known as sulfanilamide, which is a 
perfectly proper chemical name, since it is the amide of sulfanilic acid. 
Synthesis
. The fundamental intermediate common to all the derivatives of 
sulfanilamide is N – acetylsulfanilyl chloride. 
On 
treatment
with excess ammonia and hydrolysis of the acetyl group with 
excess
mineral acid or base sulfanilamide is produced.
The choice of base or acid for hydrolysis depends on the nature of the 
compound. 
Sulfanilamide is a white, 
odourless
, crystalline compound with a slightly sweet 
taste, melting range 164º to 166.5º, soluble in water. It is readily soluble in 
boiling water, hot alcohol, cold hydrochloric acid, cold dilute sodium 
hydroxide, and cold acetone. It is 
soluble
in ether, chloroform and benzene. It is 
assayed by solution in hydrochloric acid and diazotization with standard sodium 
nitrite solution, using starch – iodine to determine the end point. This same 
method of assay is used for all N-substituted sulfanilamides. 
Sulfanilamide is usually given in the form of tablets. In both mild and 
severe 
infections
, the usual dose is calculated as 0.1 gm per kilogram of body weight 
per day, divided into 6 parts and given at intervals of 4 h, day and night until 
the temperature of the patient is normal for 5 days. The drug exhibits a number 
of toxic reactions such as 
dizziness
, 
cyanosis
, hemolytic anemia, 
psychosis
, 

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acidosis, 
fever
and 
rash
. Adequate care by a physician is, therefore, 
essential
in the use of the drug. Sodium bicarbonate is commonly given to counteract 
acidosis. It has been found that p-amino-benzoic acid in relatively small 
amounts overcomes the antibacterial action of sulfanilamide and its derivatives. 
The administration of local anaesthetics derived from this compound, such as 
procaine, monocaine, etc., therefore must be avoided. 
4.
 
Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms. 
Form, amount, small, shape, little, drug, quantity, medicine, physician, hot, 
doctor, warm. 
5.
 
Arrange the following words in pairs of antonyms. 
Most, compound, better, lack, white, sweet, least, element, excess, worse, bitter, 
black, soluble, hot, end, mild, day, insoluble, beginning, small, cold, severe, 
night, large. 
6.
 
Fill in the gaps. 
1.
It has been found that this ______ is contraindicated in stenocardia. 
2.
The food of man and animals contains small amounts of organic substances 
called ________. 
3.
The _______ of wild growing ginseng are stronger than the roots of 
cultivated ginseng. 
4.
P-aminobenzoic acid in relatively small amounts overcomes the antibacterial 
_______ of sulfanilamide. 
5.
Sulfa drugs were widely used in ________ during World War II. 
6.
Modern medicine makes extensive use of various antibiotics which are 
_________ agents in combating infections. 
Missed words:
powerful, action, roots, drug, vitamins, medicine.