Subject: Studies on the American Area

Farmers responded to this by inventing an informal (black) input markets for purchasing inputs for high value crops. Farmers also divert these inputs from cotton and wheat to commercial crops or sell directly to other agricultural producers (Larson et al. 2012). Aware of this, to ensure the fulfilment of state procurement targets, the local administration monitors and controls land allocation and input application in farms by initiating frequent inspections by different state organizations (Hornidge and Shtaltovna 2014). As a result, cotton-grain producing farms often lack flexibility to make better decisions about their production and allocation of available inputs. The commercial farms involved in production of fruits and vegetables lack access to inputs and services. Their needs are neglected in years of drought and irrigation water scarcity when all efforts are mobilized to safe cotton and wheat harvest. The evolution and trends in gross output of agriculture and in the most important agricultural commodities such as cotton, wheat, vegetables, fodder crops, meat, milk and eggs across main producer categories. It is necessary to note that due to the level of aggregation, the province-level data does not show contrasting differences between districts where cotton production was phased out. Petrick and Djanibekov (2016) show that individual farms in districts released from cotton production targets have more diversified crop production portfolio, including a substantial share of fruits, melons and vegetables, than cotton-producing farms.