Stylistics routledge English Language Introductions

Activity
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FURTHER READING
WHAT IS STYLISTICS?
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Lecercle’s attack on stylistics, entitled ‘The current state of stylistics’, was
published as Lecercle (1993). Wales (1993a) is a riposte to Lecercle which
appeared in a subsequent issue of the same journal.
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Representative samples of feminist stylistics, cognitive stylistics and discourse
stylistics are, respectively, Mills (1995), Semino and Culpeper (2002) and Carter
and Simpson (1989). An overview of the aims and scope of ‘pedagogical stylistics’
is Clark and Zyngier (2003). An accessible general introduction to the discipline
is Verdonk (2002) – a book which incidentally also has 
stylistics
in its title –
while Wales’s dictionary of stylistics (2001) offers compact definitions of the key
terms and topics in the field. Finally, Barry (2002) contains a chapter on stylistics
written from the perspective of critical theory. A useful exercise would be to
compare the angle taken on stylistics in Barry’s description with that taken in
this book.
GRAMMAR AND STYLE
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A useful introduction to grammar and vocabulary, which offers a much fuller
treatment than can be accommodated within a single unit like this, is Jackson’s
textbook in the RELI series (Jackson 2001).
RHYTHM AND METRE
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Attridge (1982) is an important book on the rhythms of verse, while Leech (1969)
remains an authoritative account of this and other features of the language of
poetry. Scholarly articles by Cureton (1994) and Fabb (2002) offer more
advanced treatments of metre.
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Brazil’s paper on the intonation patterns of reading aloud makes some illumi-
nating observations on how people can read a piece of poetry in different ways
(Brazil 1992). His study shows how metrical emphasis in verse is open to a variety
of interpretations.
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NARRATIVE STYLISTICS
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The definitive stylistic introduction to narrative is Toolan (2001). A version of
the six part model proposed here is used by Simpson and Montgomery (1995)
in an extended stylistic analysis of Bernard MacLaverty’s novel 
Cal
(and see
further C6). Leech and Short (1981) offer a comprehensive introduction to the
stylistic techniques of prose fiction while Simpson (1997a) contains a chapter
outlining a workshop programme in narrative stylistics.
STYLE AS CHOICE
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The full, authoritative account of transitivity is Halliday (1994: 106–75). Detailed
summaries of the model may also be found in Eggins (1994: 220–70) and
Thompson (1996: 76–116).
STYLE AND POINT OF VIEW
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Fuller treatments of point of view in fiction can be found in books by Fowler
(1996) and Simpson (1993), while useful scholarly articles on the topic include
Sasaki (1994) and Chapman (2002).
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The terms 
homodiegetic
and 
heterodiegetic
come from Genette’s study of narra-
tive discourse (Genette 1980), although a useful introductory summary can be
found in Rimmon-Kenan (1983).
REPRESENTING SPEECH AND THOUGHT
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Full and authoritative accounts of speech and thought presentation can be found
in Leech and Short (1981) and Short (1996). The categories proposed in this
unit are based largely on those accounts.
DIALOGUE AND DISCOURSE
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A more comprehensive survey of the areas covered in this unit can be found in
Simpson (1997a: 129–78), while Simpson and Hall (2002) offers an overview of
more recent developments in the field of discourse stylistics. A useful collection
of papers on the stylistic analysis of dialogue (including film dialogue) is
Culpeper 
et al
(1998), while Herman (1996) is a monograph-length study of
dramatic discourse from a stylistic perspective.
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The authoritative study of politeness phenomena, of which stylisticians have
made extensive use over the years, is Brown and Levinson (1987). Other key
work in pragmatics is Austin’s seminal work on speech acts and illocutionary
force (Austin 1962) and Grice’s development of a model of conversational impli-
cature (Grice 1975).
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COGNITIVE STYLISTICS
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Two key publications in this area are related textbooks by Stockwell (2002) and
Gavins and Steen (2003). The former is a general introduction to the field,
covering its history, development and methods, and the latter a collection of
readings offering practical advice and exercises for cognitive stylistic exploration.
A collection of more advanced papers is Semino and Culpeper (2002).
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The idea of an Idealised Cognitive Model was first developed by Lakoff (1987; and
see also readings D10 and D11). Other influential studies in cognitive linguistics
and Artificial Intelligence, which have shaped the development of cognitive poet-
ics, are Gibbs (1994); Lakoff and Johnson (1998); Fauconnier (1994); Fauconnier
and Turner (2002) and Schank and Abelson (1977; and see further B10).
METAPHOR AND METONYMY
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Good introductions to metaphor include Kövecses (2002) and Goatly (1997),
and chapter 8 of Stockwell (2002) is also very useful. Two of the more ‘classic’
books on metaphor are Brooke-Rose (1958) and Ortony (1979) while seminal
publications in cognitive linguistics which focus on metaphor are Lakoff and
Johnson (1980), Lakoff (1987) and Lakoff and Turner (1989). The stylistician
Gerard Steen has written extensively on metaphor over the years, of which a
representative sample of his work includes: Steen (1994, 1999a, 2002a and
2002b). Also relevant is a co-edited collection of papers, Gibbs and Steen (1999).
STYLISTICS AND VERBAL HUMOUR
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Accessible introductory books on the language of humour include Chiaro (1992),
Ross (1998) and Crystal (1998).
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Both Redfern (2000) and Culler (1998) are book-length treatments of puns, the
latter with a specifically literary orientation. Leech (1969: 209–14) contains a
useful section on punning in poetry. Simpson (2003) is a comprehensive study
of the discourse of satire which contains a short overview of different forms of
verbal humour. It also includes an account of the complex relationship between
parody and satire.
DEVELOPMENTS IN STYLISTICS
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The stylistician Willie van Peer has written extensively on foregrounding theory,
two representative samples of which are a book (van Peer 1986) and a later article
(van Peer 1993).
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Cook (1994) contains an excellent overview of both the Russian Formalist and
Prague School movements, while Durant and Fabb (1990: 32–4) includes a useful
chronological map showing how these movements developed in the context of
related developments in critical theory.
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Wales’s study of Philip Larkin’s poem ‘Church Going’ makes for an interesting
synthesis of the techniques of rhetoric with the methods of stylistics (Wales
1993b).
LEVELS OF LANGUAGE AT WORK: AN EXAMPLE FROM
POETRY
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Traugott and Pratt (1980) is a generally informative book in stylistics which also
contains a short analysis of the same cummings poem. Their analysis draws on
a very different model of language to the one adopted here, so the two studies
should make for an interesting point of comparison. The fact that it is possible
for different scholars to approach the same text with different models of analysis
illustrates well the point made in A1 on the importance of stylistic method being