Stylistics routledge English Language Introductions



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Feature 3
The passage abounds in ‘trailing constituents’ in which grammatical build-up takes
place towards the right of the main Predicator position. These clauses contain
numerous subordinate clauses and Adjuncts of location, so again, and sustaining
feature 2, the narrative is rich in detail about place but low in detail about time. The
amount of information contained in these trailing constituents also brings into
sharper relief the very sparseness of the material that is positioned to the left of the
Predicator slot. Furthermore, the grammatical ‘sprawl’ that is bought about by these
trailing constituents also facilitates an interesting textual ambiguity. In the sequences
‘. . . it flows . . .’ and ‘. . . it rolls defiled . . .’ (2), the pronoun ‘it’ serves a possible
dual reference with respect to its two potential antecedents in the main clause. Is it
the fog that flows and rolls, or is it the river? My own interpretation is that the ambi-
guity is motivated, and that it works to underscore the very blurring and
indeterminacy that is ascribed to the core visual elements in the scene.
Feature 4
There is a gradual narrowing of spatial focus as the passage progresses. Whereas the
first Adjunct declares that the fog is, well, everywhere, subsequent Adjunct elements
move progressively right down into the localised, even microscopic, environment of
the stem and bowl of the skipper’s pipe. In tandem with this progressive narrowing
through Adjuncts, the processes embodied by the related verbs in the main clauses also
undergo an interesting change. In experiential terms (see unit A6), the processes asso-
ciated with ‘fog’ are initially intransitive in that they do not impact upon a Goal. Here
are four such examples, piled up in parallel in the fourth sentence: ‘. . . 
creeping
into the
cabooses . . . 
lying
out on the yards . . . 
hovering
in the rigging . . . 
drooping
on the gun-
wales . . .’. However, just as the overall spatial focus narrows, so the transitivity pattern
shifts to a Goal-directed one, as in ‘fog cruelly 
pinching
the toes and fingers . . .’ (5). It
is notable that the adverb ‘cruelly’ is the only instance where a grammatical element
(here an Adjunct) is wedged between the ‘Fog’ and its following Predicator. It seems
that the longer the passage goes on, the more menacing and spiteful the fog becomes.
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S E N T E N C E S T Y L E S : D E V E L O P M E N T A N D I L L U S T R A T I O N
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