Stry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan state university of world languages

1.3. Theoretical Analysis of Intonation in Different Types of Sentences

In this chapter we shall consider the effect of the intonation patterns in

association with each of the four main sentence types: statements, questions,

imperatives (commands and requests) and exclamations.

It has often been pointed out that no intonation pattern is used exclusively

with this or that sentence type and certainly no sentence type always requires the use

of one and only one intonation pattern. Roughly speaking any sentence type can be

linked with any intonation pattern, and the meaning of an utterance will depend on

the particular context in a certain intonation style.

However, some sentence types are more likely to be said with one intonation

pattern than with any other. In this sense one can speak about 'common intonation'

for a particular type of sentence. So we shall speak about the common usage of

certain intonation patterns with the above-mentioned five main sentence types in

unemphatic speech It should be also pointed out that in this chapter only the

phrases consisting of one intonation group will be described The four sentence

types are very wide categories and we shall not try to define or limit them We are

only to provide examples of the meanings expressed by commonly used intonation

patterns linked with the main sentence types with no reference to intonation style.

A sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the lows

of the language and which serves as the chief means of conveying a thought. A

sentence is not only a means of showing the speakers attitude to it.

The classification of simple sentences is based on two principles:

a) According to the purpose of the utterance.

b) According to the structure.

According to the purpose of the utterance we distinguish four kinds of sentences.

1) The declarative sentence (statements).

2) The interrogative sentence (questions).

3) The exclamatory sentence (exclamations)

4) The imperative sentence (imperatives).

Different types of sentences distinguished by intonation alone are called communicative types. The following communicative types of sentences are pronounced with the falling lone.

1. Categorical statements.

2. Disjunctive questions: the speaker is not asking for information, he is sure that the listener agrees.

3. Commands.

4. Exclamations.

5. Special_ questions.

6. Alternative questions. (The final sense group)

The following communicative types of sentences are pronounced with the

rising tone:

1. Statements containing an implication.

2. Requests.

3. General questions.

4. Disjunctive questions: the speaker means to provoke the listener's reaction.

There are exceptions when a speaker wants to show by intonation his attitude

to the situation or to display his mood.

Statements divided into following subtypes by Russian phonetics Antipova.

A.M. in her work "Интонация Английского языка"