Stry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan ferghana state university

References and resources
Beers, Kylene. 2003. When Kids can’t Read. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Bauer, Laurie. 1983. English Word-formation. London, UK: Cambridge University Press.
_____ 1988. Introducing Linguistic Morphology. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Booij, Geert. 2005. The Grammar of Words. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Coxhead, Averil. 2000. A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly 34, 2: 213-238.
Haspelmath, Martin. 2002. Understanding Morphology. London: Arnold.
Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum. 2002. The Cambridge Grammar of the
English Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Matthews, P.H. 1974. Morphology: An Introduction to the Theory of Word
Structure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Pinker, Steven, 1999. Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. New York:
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Quirk, R., S. Greenbaum, G. Leech, and J. Svartvik. 1972. A Grammar of
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Spencer, A. 1991. Morphological Theory: An Introduction to Word Structure in Generative Grammar. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Conclusion
Word-formation is the process of creating words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns.
As a subject of study, word-formation is that branch of Lexicology which studies the patterns on which the English language builds words. Like another linguistic phenomenon word-formation may be studied synchronically and diachronically.
There are two principal types of word-formation in Modern English: word-derivation and word-composition. Within the types further distinction is made between various ways and means of word-formation.
Distinction is made by Productive and Non-Productive ways of word-formation.
In the practical analysis of derived words the following characteristics of derivational affixes (suffixes and prefixes) should be pointed out:
1. The productivity of the affix (highly productive, semi- productive or non-productive).
2. The part of speech the affix forms (nouns, adjectives, verbs etc.).
Affixation (prefixation and suffixation) is the formation of words by adding derivational affixes to primary stems. One distinguishes between derived words of different degrees of derivation.
Many of Modern English derivational affixes were at one time independent words. Others have always been known as suffixes or prefixes within the history of the English language.
As a summary to the study of affixation as a productive way of word-formation, which presents a certain interest both for theoretical investigation and for the practical language use.
Word-formation is the process of creating words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns.
As a subject of study, word-formation is that branch of Lexicology which studies the patterns on which the English language builds words. Like another linguistic phenomenon word-formation may be studied synchronically and diachronically.
There are two principal types of word-formation in Modern English: word-derivation and word-composition. Within the types further distinction is made between various ways and means of word-formation.
Distinction is made by Productive and Non- Productive ways of word-formation. In the practical analysis of derived words the following characteristics of derivational affixes (suffixes and prefixes) should be pointed out:
The first the productivity of the affix (highly productive, semi-productive or non-productive).
The second the part of speech the affix forms (nouns, adjectives, verbs etc.).
Affixation (prefixation and suffixation) is the formation of words by adding derivational affixes to primary stems. One distinguishes between derived words of different degrees of derivation.
Many of Modern English derivational affixes were at one time independent words. Others have always been known as suffixes or prefixes within the history of the English language.
Furthemore, ee have looked at some fundamental properties of words and the notion of ‘word’ itself. We have seen that words can be composed of smaller units, called morphemes, and that there are many different ways to create new words from existing ones by affixational, non-affixational and compounding processes. Furthermore, it became clear that there are remarkable differences between different types of morphological processes, which has led us to the postulation of the distinction between inflection and word-formation. We are now equipped with the most basic notions necessary for the study of complex words, and can turn to the investigation of more (and more complicated) data in order to gain a deeper understanding of these notions.
Moreover, we have looked at numerous affixational processes in English. We saw that it is not always easy to differentiate affixes from other morphological entities. We then explored different ways to obtain large amounts of data, introducing reverse dictionaries, the OED and electronic text corpora. It turned out that in spite of the advantages of the available electronic media it still takes a well-educated morphologist to conscientiously process the raw data and turn them into potentially interesting data sets. We then investigated some general characteristics of English affixation, showing that important generalizations can be stated on the basis of the phonological make-up of affixes. Finally, a survey of affixes was provided that exemplied the wide range of derivational patterns available in the language. We saw that suffixation and prefixation are very common, whereas infixation is a marginal and extremely restricted phenomenon in English word-formation. In the next chapter we will have a closer look at the characteristics of some non-affixational processes by which new words can be derived.
Also, we have looked at a number of word-formation processes that do not involve affixes as their primary or only means of deriving words from other words or morphemes. We have seen that English has a rich inventory of such non-concatenative processes, including conversion, truncation, blending and abbreviation. Each of these mechanisms was investigated in some detail and it turned out that, in spite of the initial impression of irregularity, a whole range of systematic structural restrictions can be determined. As with affixation, these restrictions can make reference to the semantic, syntactic, and phonological properties of the words involved and are highly regular in nature.
Compounding is the most productive means to create new words in English. We have seen that there are numerous different patterns of compound formation which can be distinguished on the basis of formal and semantic criteria. Compounds systematically combine words of certain categories, they display certain predictable stress patterns, and they are interpreted in principled ways. We have also seen that compounds raise a host of theoretical issues (many of them still not satisfactorily resolved), such as the internal structure of compounds, the notion of head, the mapping of stress patterns onto semantic and structural interpretations, and the boundary between morphology and syntax. Having gained some experience in dealing with theoretical problems emerging from empirical investigations, we are now in a position to probe deeper and at a more general level into theory, in particular the relationship between morphology and phonology and between morphology and syntax. This will be done in the following, theoretically-oriented chapter, where I present some theories that have explicitly aimed at modeling these relationships.


Farg’ona davlat Universiteti chet tillari fakulteti Xorijiy tili va adabiyoti yo`nalishi 17.73- guruh talabasi Yo'ldashaliyeva Madinaxon ,,Stylistic usage of word-formation patterns” mavzusidagi kurs ishiga


Taqriz
Talaba Yo'ldashaliyeva Madinaxon “Stylistic usage of word-formation patterns ”
mavzusidagi kurs ishi hozirgi kunda yurtimizda ingliz tilini o’rganishga va o’rgatishga alohida e’tibor berilayotganini yoritib berdi. O’sib kelayotgan yosh avlodning ingliz tilini o’rganishi, balki, tili o’rganilayotgan mamlakatning madaniyati va urf-odat dars jarayoniga tadbiq etib, o’quvchilar bilimini har tomonlama mukammal bo’lishini ta’minlashdek eng katta mas’uliyat o’qituvchi zimmasiga tushadi. Talabaning kurs ishi mavzusi ham aynan shu masalaga qaratilgan bo’lib, unda mamlakatlararo muloqot, ulardan xabardor bo’lish, chet tilini o’rgatish jarayoniga turli usullar foydalanib ularni taqbiq etish masalalari, bunda nimalarga e’tibor qaratilishi lozimligi, qanday usullar orqali dars samaradorligiga erishishi haqida muallif birqator olimlarning ko’rsatmalarini tahlil qilgan, o’zining mustaqil fikrlarini, tavsiya va xulosalarini bergan.Ushbu kurs ishi kirish, asosiy bob, xulosa, adabiyotlar ro’yxatidan iborat. Kirish qismida mavzu bo’yicha umumiy ma’lumotlar, ishning mohiyati, uni amalda tadbiq etishning asosiy maqsadi haqida yoritib berilgan. Asosiy qismda talaba ushbu mavzu yuzasidan turli olimlarning fikrlarini ko’rib chiqib va alohida to’xtalib o’tgan. Ushbu bobda asosan mavzuni yoritib, chet tilini o’qitishda kerakli topshiriq va materiallarni tayyorlashning ilmiyamaliy tomonlari haqida yoritib berilgan. Ish davomida talaba to’plagan materiallarni puxta o’rganib, zarur bo’lgan materiallarni tayyorlash yo’llari va o’qitish jarayonida amalda qo’llash borasidagi amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan. Xulosa qismda esa talaba o’zining kurs ishi mazmunini umumlashtirib, o’z fikr mulohazalarini bildirib, ishiga yakun yasagan.Talabaning ushbu ishini o’rganib chiqib, himoyaga tavsiya etaman.
Ilmiy rahbar: L. Galimullina.