Solar energy

Hamroyev Shohruz

SOLAR ENERGY

WHAT IS SOLAR POWER

Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun's energy and make it useable. As of 2011, the technology produced less than one tenth of one percent of global energy demand.
Many are familiar with so-called photovoltaic cells, or solar panels, found on things like spacecraft, rooftops, and handheld calculators. The cells are made of semiconductor materials like those found in computer chips. When sunlight hits the cells, it knocks electrons loose from their atoms. As the electrons flow through the cell, they generate electricity.

How to Harness Solar Power

In one technique, long troughs of U-shaped mirrors focus sunlight on a pipe of oil that runs through the middle. The hot oil then boils water for electricity generation. Another technique uses moveable mirrors to focus the sun's rays on a collector tower, where a receiver sits. Molten salt flowing through the receiver is heated to run a generator.
Solar energy can be used to heat a fluid to produce steam that spins a turbine connected to an electrical generator. These systems are called solar thermal electric systems. Concentrated solar power systems use mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto a small area. The concentrated sunlight heats a fluid and creates steam, which then powers a turbine generating electricity.
One type of solar thermal electric system, the solar power tower, uses mirrors to track and focus sunlight onto the top of a heat collection tower (see Fig. 1.1). An experimental 10-megawatt solar power tower called Solar Two was tested in the desert near Barstow, California. It was used to demonstrate the advantages of using molten salt for heat transfer and thermal storage.

Solar Electricity

Another idea is to place solar cells on rooftops, over parking lots, in yards, and along highways, and then connect the systems to an electric utility’s power-line system. As the use of solar electric systems increases, laws may be needed to protect peoples’ right to access the sun.
Sometimes large-scale solar electric systems are placed in deserts or marginal lands. CSP developments are common in the southwestern United States (Colorado and Mojave Deserts); however, these locations are not without conflict either.
When a solar power plant is built, it's usually backed by a power purchase agreement with a customer (utility, business, or homeowner) that lasts 20 to 25 years. But that doesn't mean such plants will be worthless two decades later. 
Not only will solar panels last 40 or 50 years, the infrastructure around a solar power plant has a lot of value. Solar panels could be replace with new, more efficient modules at relatively low cost, thus improving performance, but once a site is established and the infrastructure is built, a solar power plant has a very long effective lifespan. 

SOLAR ENERGY EDUCATION

• olar power is clean green electricity that derives from sunlight or from heat from the sun. Having solar electricity in your home usually means setting up a solar photovoltaic system on your roof. Discover more in our solar energy education sections ahead.
• Definition of photovoltaic: Photo = “light” and photons = energy particles coming from sunlight; voltaic = producing a voltage or volts. Abbreviation = PV
• Solar energy is a renewable free source of energy that is sustainable and totally inexhaustible, unlike fossil fuels which are finite. It is also a non-polluting source of energy and it does not emit any greenhouse gases when producing electricity. The solar electricity that is produced can supply your entire or partial energy consumption.

 How we make solar panels

A solar panel, while rugged and durable in its finished form, requires a complex and very technical process in its production.

• A solar panel, while rugged and durable in its finished form, requires a complex and very technical process in its production.
• In traditional solar modules (polycrystalline and monocrystalline), we follow the process below:
• impregnate silicon wafers with impurities to create a semiconductor that converts sunlight into electric current.
• We then create electrical contacts to join one solar cell to another.
• As silicon reflects, we place an anti-reflective on top of the silicon wafers. This is usually titanium dioxide or silicon oxide.
• The solar cells are laid between a superstrate layer on the top and a backsheet layer on the bottom. The superstrate is usually glass, and the backsheet is plastic.
• This is then placed inside an aluminium frame to create a finished solar panel

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