|
SOFTWARE AND THEIR TYPES
Communication between humans and data processing is controlled by computer programs. The character set of the Central Processing Unit (CRI) is limited to two characters "0" and "1" or "on" and "off". Human uses letters, numbers, images. Human-machine interface (communication), encoding is regulated by software. In addition to this task, computer software in the form of an operating system regulates the management of the entire hardware part of the computer. Thus, software is divided into two parts:
• management of hardware in the form of system software and • practical programs aimed at solving problems
In addition, there are a number of programming languages and application services to facilitate system and application development and computer maintenance.
Definition of Program: A program is a repetitive sequence of working constructs in the form of instructions understandable to the computer, which serve to activate, direct and control all the hardware to process the data in the way the user desires. . At the same time, the system software allows you to use the computer and its peripherals. System programs include operating systems that provide input and output management without requiring the user to have further technical knowledge of the principles of data processing. Service-defined and utility programs also refer to system programs, eases interaction with operating systems, such as dealing with media in formatting and copying. Windows XP, Windows 2003 with client-server architecture Novell, various variants of UNIX and LINUX are popular operating systems. Practical programs from the economic, technical and scientific fields are used or developed to solve professional and everyday problems. According to the number of users and the amount of usage, this application can be further divided into parts. practical programs from technical and scientific fields are used or developed. According to the number of users and the amount of usage, this application can be further divided into parts. practical programs from technical and scientific fields are used or developed. According to the number of users and the amount of usage, this application can be further divided into parts.
Number of users
Amount of use
Application software
Many Many Standard Software Many One / Few Package Application Software Network One / Few One / Few Separate Software
Standard software can be used for almost any task, such as: • Word processing (eg MS Word). • Working with spreadsheets (eg MS Excel). • Databases (eg MS Access, Oracle). • Graphics (eg Visio, CorelDraw). • Publishing systems (Desktop Publishing) (for example, Adobe Pagemaker, QuarkXPress). • Projecting (eg MS Project). Standard software is designed with the needs of a wide range of users in mind, and while it represents the most common tasks, certain professional groups such as tax authorities, architects, furniture makers have a range of ready-made services tailored to their needs. applications that use programs called network packages, that is, they will apply for such programs. If such a specific network scope of services still turns out to be too general to solve the problems of an individual organization, then the only option left is to develop separate software that adapts to the requirements of one or more organizations. An example here is a residual production planning system for managing a variety of production machines used by one or more organizations. Processing of problematic information in technical or economic fields in accordance with the above-mentioned opinions then only the possibility of developing separate software that adapts to the requirements of one or more organizations remains. An example here is a residual production planning system for managing a variety of production machines used by one or more organizations. Processing of problematic information in technical or economic fields in accordance with the above-mentioned opinions then only the possibility of developing separate software that adapts to the requirements of one or more organizations remains. An example here is a residual production planning system for managing a variety of production machines used by one or more organizations. Processing of problematic information in technical or economic fields in accordance with the above-mentioned opinions
There are different alternatives (approaches) to solve using techniques and technologies: • Using existing software or acquiring it. • Development of a new standard, network or individual software. In this way, development by own forces or by specialists invited from outside is directly related to the actual issue, which is not always determined by the internal "Know-How" of the organization. It answers the question of whether it is profitable to entrust the development of a software product to an IT organization or whether it is profitable to implement such a software project in one's own organization, and essentially shows the economic nature of production (costs, benefits, analysis). The solution to this question is in particular, it belongs to the tasks of business-oriented ICT systems specialists. Therefore, we will not return to this topic at this point, we will note only one comment, that is, the cost-benefit, production economic analysis of the software project is an interdisciplinary typicalization of the issue, in which 0 Cooperation of ICT specialists is required for all courses taught in Uzbekistan.
3. PHASE DIAGRAM AND MODULE TECHNIQUE
A common way to plan, manage and control the software development process is to use a phase diagram of all the people involved in the software development. This chapter describes 3 common phase diagrams: • Forward Engineering (Step model). • Spiral model. • V model. In the implementation phase, which is common to all 3 schemes (phases), the modular technique is used, while two methods of approach are distinguished: Top-down project and Bottom-up project. The main idea of dividing the software development into periodic parts (Phases) is to divide the overall development process into step-by-step stages.
is the desire to be. This makes the software development project much clearer, and the appropriate level of development is apparent even to those not directly involved. The chapter that follows this chapter provides guidance on various techniques for conducting documentation.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
