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Sana10.11.2022
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IELTS Reading Maximiser [uzsmart.uz]

(MAXIMISER) 
131 
IEL TS Reading (Activity 
49) 
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����--���._._ ................ ��""""""-�..;;.:.&...�--'-'U...,. Sleep Apnea 
Sleep apnea is a common sleeping disorder. It affects a number of adults comparable to the percentage 
of the population that suffers from diabetes. The term 
apnea 
is of Greek origin and means 'without 
breath." Sufferers of sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly while they sleep. This can happen hundreds 
of times during the night, each gasp lasting from 10 to 30 seconds. In extreme cases, people stop 
breathing for more than a minute at a time. 
There are three different types of sleep apnea, with obstructive sleep apnea being the most common. 
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which affects 90 per cent of sleep apnea sufferers, occurs because of an 
upper airway obstruction. A person's breathing stops when air is somehow prevented from entering the 
trachea. The most common sites for air to get trapped include the nasal passage, the tongue, the tonsils, 
and the uvula. Fatty tissue or tightened muscles at the back of a throat can also cause the obstruction. 
Central sleep apnea has a different root cause, though the consequences are the same. In central sleep 
apnea, the brain forgets to send the signal that tells the muscles that it's time to breathe. The term 
central is used because this type of apnea is related to the central nervous system rather than the 
blocked airflow. The third type of sleep apnea, known as mixed apnea, is a combination of the two and is 
the most rare form. Fortunately, in all types of apnea, the brain eventually signals for a person to wake 
up so that breathing can resume. However, this continuous pattern of interrupted sleep is hard on the 
body and results in very little rest. 
The passage describes three different types of sleep apnea. 
Which of the characteristics below belongs to which type of sleep apnea? 

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