99
“eight hours in a DC 3... from Perth to Wittenoom... up and down like a yo yo” (see figure
19).
16
Ezio Belintende remembered that the plane, which seated about 10 to 12 passengers,
had two propellers, little windows and “went up perhaps four, five, six hundred metres into
the air”, so that the view of the countryside below “was spectacular” (see figure 20).
17
The men were shocked by Wittenoom’s isolation, the intense heat, the
accommodation and the working conditions.
Paolo Del Casale’s first thought when he arrived
in Wittenoom was: “I feel... if I was in gaol”.
18
He had never experienced such isolation. The
first night for Del Casale was particularly unnerving, as he listened to the howling of dingoes.
Del Casale, like many others, wrote to his brothers in Italy about the high
earnings at
Wittenoom; two of them would eventually work there. Drawn together by the isolation, Del
Casale forged new friendships, some from his hometown of Vasto in the region of Abruzzo,
as well as with those of other nationalities and other Italian regions.
Arturo Della Maddalena commented on the image Wittenoom the place conjured up
for him. “When I came off the plane, there was this friend with me…and I said to him…This is
where they make the cowboy movies…It was Spinifex and these little hills (see figure 22).”
19
Umberto Favero stayed until 2002, leaving after nearly 40 years in the town. He had been
mesmerised by the haunting beauty of the
landscape, the peacefulness and the wildlife of
the Pilbara.
20
Wittenoom was, nevertheless, hell on earth for the workers, as Giacomo
Bevacqua explained:
Wittenoom [was] a beautiful place, if you go as a tourist.
If you go there as a worker, it’s absolute hell…..Hell...
Just desert, red dust, Spinifex... men and 40 degrees in
the spring, summer was up to 45 degrees [113º F].
21
The heat, a recurrent theme among the participants,
endured into the night, until a
north-easterly wind rose up making the night cold.
According to the first Vermiglio recruits, the Wittenoom manager had told them they
were to work in a tunnel similar to the work on the Alpine passes — at odds with the
16
Interview with Arturo Della Maddalena, Perth, December 2008.
17
Interview with Ezio Belintende, Sondrio, Italy, November 2008.
18
The notion of being in gaol was voiced by a number of workers in Wittenoom. See also Layman
(1994), Op Cit. pp. 313-14.
19
Interview with Arturo Della Maddalena, Perth, December 2008.
20
Interview with Umberto Favero, Perth, October 2009.
21
Interview with Giacomo Bevacqua, Perth, November 2008.
100
description of the mine in the conditions of work — and that the climate was similar to theirs.
In the Italian Alps during the coldest month of winter it snows and temperatures fall below
zero. The Vermiglio men’s letter to their Italian Consul-General revealed the inconsistencies:
The water burns in the winter... The work here is actually
in an asbestos mine… We had never worked in mines,
but here, after a day or so outside, we were forced to do
so because, by refusing, we did not know what sanctions
we may be contravening.
22
Shocked by the conditions, Attilio Slanzi wrote the letter to the Italian Consul-General to
plead for their transfer to Tasmania. Other
vermigliani were already working there and had
reported a climate similar to their region in Italy.
23
In far-removed Melbourne, the Consul
disregarded the Italian workers’ plea. Instead, he wrote to the Premier of Western
Australia
saying: “I think that with your courteous help I should try to keep them at Wittenoom Gorge
where they are probably badly needed”.
24
As a consequence, the men and their families had
to stay for two years. In debt to the company for their travel expenses and with their
accompanying families to support, they had no other choice.
25
Two months earlier, in February 1951, ten experienced miners from the Seriana
Valley of Lombardy reported a similar experience. All but one, who
was sponsoring his
family, left upon repayment of the air fare. Attilio Oprandi, in a letter back home, explained
what they had found. It also revealed by how many degrees the temperature could exceed
100 degrees Fahrenheit:
There were only miners’ houses, the hotel and store and
huts for single men and a red burnt earth and the type of
vegetation called Spinifex, which thrives where there is
little water. The heat was intolerable, from 45 to 55°C.
26
The mine was very low. You had to walk on all fours.
Luckily for us, we stayed there only a short while...
Otherwise we surely would have perished.
27
Pio Panizza, also from the village of Vermiglio
in the Trentino Alto Adige, recalled
putting up with temperatures which he remembered reaching 46º Celsius [115°F]. Inside the
mine, Pio spoke of temperatures as high as 50º Celsius [122°F]: “You had to put up with it. It
22
Hills, Op Cit. p. 36.
23
Hills, Op Cit. pp. 36-7. Interview with Pio and Miriam Panizza, Trentino Alto Adige, Italy, November
2008. Pio explained that his uncle had written the letter.
24
Layman
(1992), Op Cit. p. 187.
25
Hills, Op Cit. pp. 36-37.
26
113º F to 131º F.
27
Covelli et al., Op Cit. p. 127.
101
was pointless [to complain] because it was hot in the forest also [in Western Australia where
many Italians, including Pio had already worked]. You had no choice. Where would you
go?”
28
Many arrived home from night
shift in the early morning, unable to shower because
the water was already too hot. The water was hot because the water pipes ran for over 11
kilometres above ground. The town water came from the rock pools and a natural spring in
the Colonial Gorge, kept fresh from an inflow from underground streams.
29
If the men did not
shower in the cold water of the gorge on exiting the mine or mill, they had to wait until late in
the evening for the water to be cool enough. Arturo Della Maddalena came to enjoy the heat
and that he could dress in shorts and thongs; the casualness in Wittenoom appealed to the
18 year old lad.
Giulio Santini, who
went to Wittenoom in 1960
, confirmed why many of the Italians
would accept the poor occupational health and safety conditions at Wittenoom
: “The life
wasn’t very nice. The work wasn’t very nice. The money wasn’t too bad”.
30
Those who
stayed
had no choice but to adapt to the conditions in the mine and mill.
31
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