Simple Sentence a simple sentence consists of just one independent clause: Mary had a little lamb. Compound Sentence

84. SYNONYMS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION.
Synonyms are words belonging to one part of speech, close in meaning and interchangeable at least in some contexts. They are characterized by the semantic relations of proximity or equivalence.

The highest degree of semantic proximity is observed when the denotational meanings are similar, but the connotational (famous - notorious) or the pragmatic (fatherly - paternal) meanings differ.

Synonymic dominant - the most general term potentially cont. the specific feat. of all other members of the syn. group.
Sources: borrowing, word-building (lab - laboratory), phrasal verbs and set expressions, euphemisms – a shift of unpleasant meaning of a word to a more pleasant or milder one (naked – in one’s birthday suit, battle fatigue - PTSD).
Russian classification:
Stylistic - no interchangeability in context, because the underlying situations are different (teens - adolescents).
Ideographic - differences in denotational meaning (forest - wood).
Ideographic-stylistic - the lowest degree of semantic proximity, differ both in D. and C. and/or P. meanings (ask - inquire).
Dialectal (lift - elevator).
Contextual - similar in meaning only under certain conditions.
Absolute - completely the same in meaning (stops - plosives).
Western classification: absolute (total), cognitive (liberty - freedom), near-synonyms (stream-brook), cross-linguistic near-synonyms.

85. ANTONYMS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
Antonyms – a class of words grouped together on the basis of the semantic relations of opposition. Antonyms are words belonging to one part of speech sharing certain common semantic characteristics and in this respect they are similar to such semantic classes as synonyms, lexical sets, lexico-semantic groups.
A polysemantic word may have an antonym for each of its meanings
e.g. dull – interesting, amusing, entertaining
dull – clever, bright, capable
dull - active
Classifications:
Morphological:
of the same root (derivational) (useful – useless)
of different roots (small – big)
Semantic:
contradictories (complementary) — mutually opposed, deny one another // dead - alive, single – married, do – undo, male - female
contraries (proper) - can be arranged into a series according to the increasing difference in one of their qualities (gradable antonyms) // cold – cool – warm – hot
incompatibles - relations of exclusion // winter - not spring, not summer, not autumn
conversives – the same thing but viewed from different POVs // buy – sell, left – right
reversives – the opposite things // fall – rise, up – down
enantiosemy – meaning different within one word
near opposites - not the marginal members of the gradation scale // bad – excellent