Exercise 38
IELTS Reading: paragraph headings exercise
Match two of the following headings with the paragraphs below. I'll reveal the correct
answers tomorrow.
1. Rapid sales of printing presses.
2. The revolutionary impact of the printing press.
3. New information and ideas.
4. The printing boom.
From a single point of origin, Mainz, Germany, printing spread within several decades to
over two hundred cities in a dozen European countries. By 1500, printing presses in
operation throughout Western Europe had already produced more than twenty million
volumes. In the 16th century, with presses spreading further afield, their output rose tenfold
to an estimated 150 to 200 million copies. The operation of a press became so synonymous
with the enterprise of printing that it lent its name to an entire new branch of media, the
press.
In Renaissance Europe, the arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era
of mass communication which permanently altered the structure of society. The relatively
unrestricted circulation of information and ideas transcended borders and threatened the
power of political and religious authorities. The sharp increase in literacy broke the
monopoly of the literate elite on education and learning and bolstered the emerging middle
class.
Exercise 39
IELTS Reading: true, false, not given
Read the following passage and try the quick exercise below it.
Hell Creek is heaven for paleontologists. The Montanan wildlife refuge is rife with clay and
stones that hold clues to our prehistoric past. It was in Hell Creek that researchers from the
University of Kansas recently stumbled on the remains of a young Tyrannosaurus rex
—they
think.
Fossils from various periods have been found there, and this isn't the first T. rex fossil to be
found, but University of Kansas scientists think it could be one of the most intact. The entire
fossil remains of the upper part of the dinosaur's jaw, with all its teeth, was found.
Paleontologists dug up parts of a skull, foot, hips, and backbones. If the remains do in fact
belong to a T. rex, that would make them around 66 million years old. Adding to the rarity of
the find is the fact that the fossils may belong to a juvenile.
Further work will determine whether the team actually has a T. rex on their hands, or
possibly a Nanotyrannus, a tiny genus of tyrannosaur that's a matter of scientific debate.
Simon
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