Answer each question below with just ONE word.
1. How many different rules for the use of hyphens did the study identify?
2. Are these rules always correct?
3. Do compound adjectives usually need a hyphen?
4. Do we normally use a hyphen when a compound noun has more than two syllables?
5. Did the linguistics professor carry out this research alone?
Exercise 31
IELTS Reading: choose the heading
Choose the best heading for the following paragraph from the list below.
“Big data” is a term being used more and more by politicians. It refers to the concept that
any problem
– from underperforming pupils to failing hospitals – can be solved by collecting
some tightly focused data, crunching it and making tweaks, such as moving pupils or
changing nurses’ shifts, rather than dealing with bigger issues, such as poverty or spending
cuts. This is an approach that focuses narrowly on “what works” without ever troubling to
ask: “works for whom?” Its watchword is “smart”, which can easily be appreciated, rather
than “right”, which can’t. Putting trust in highly educated technocrats, it is naturally less
interested in public debate.
A) How data can be used to improve society.
B) Big data: a smart approach to politics that works for everyone.
C) A sceptical perspective on “big data”.
D) Why the public trusts technocrats more than politicians.
Exercise 32
IELTS Reading: multiple choice practice
Read the following passage about the language known as 'Old English'.
Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken
in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to
Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid-5th century, and the first Old
English literary works date from the mid-7th century.
After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, as the language of
the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French. This is regarded as marking the
end of the Old English era, as during this period the English language was heavily
influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English.
Like other old Germanic languages, Old English is very different from Modern English and
difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Old English grammar is
quite similar to that of modern German: nouns, adjectives, pronouns and verbs have many
inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer.
Simon
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