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guilt. Her study via mail of 491 adults living in some mountain areas found that very
few of the participants identified with the concepts in her measure; only 11 out of 491
respondents admitted television addiction, although 64% of the respondents reported
that television was addictive. Smith found a strong relationship between the amount
of time spent viewing and the tendency to call oneself an addict.
D.
Nothing that there have been almost no empirical studies of television
addiction, McIlwraith, Jacobvitz, Kubey, and Alexander cited an earlier version of the
DSM-IV to discuss a possible relationship to television viewing. Using Smith’s
measure, they found that only 17 out of 136 college students were self-designated
addicts. They reported twice as much television viewing as non-addicts, more mind
wandering, distractibility, boredom, and unfocused daydreaming, and tended to score
higher on scales measuring introversion and neuroticism. They also reported
significantly more dysphoric mood watching, and watching to fill time.
E.
Also using Smith’s measure of television addiction, Anderson, Collins,
Schmitt, and Jacobvitz found that, for women, stressful life events predicted
television addiction-like behavior and guilt about television watching. They argued
that women used television in a way that was “analogous to alcohol”, and wondered
if television watching served to delay more healthy and appropriate coping strategies.
Also using Smith’s measure, McIlwraith found only 10% of the 237 participants
sampled while visiting a museum identified themselves as television addicts.
McIlwraith found that those who admitted addiction to television watched
significantly more hours of television than others, and watched more to escape
unpleasant moods and to fill time. McIlwraith’s sample echoed Smith’s, who found
that participants most often responded never on all the items about television
addiction.
F.
According to Smith, the phenomenon of television addiction is
unsubstantiated in empirical research, but is robust in anecdotal evidence. For
example, like other addictions, television watching is thought to contribute to conflict
and breakdowns in family relationships. One woman explained how her husband’s
addiction to television contributed to their separation: “There was absolutely no way
of spending an evening alone with my husband without television. He was most
resentful if I stuck out for my choice of program and most resentful if I turned it off
while he slept in front of it”. There are worse stories. Fowles related tragic newspaper
accounts due to quarrels about television: “Charles Green of East Palo Alto,
California stabbed his sister to death with a hunting knife after she took out the
electrical fuses so he would stop viewing. In Latwell, Louisiana, John Gallien shot
his sister-in-law because she kept turning down the volume”. Studies of television
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