Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP
1. C. If a DHCP conflict is detected, either by the server sending a ping and getting a response or by a host
using a gratuitous ARP (arp’ing for its own IP address and seeing if a host responds), then the server will
hold that address and not use it again until it is fixed by an administrator.
2. B. Secure Shell (SSH) protocol sets up a secure session that’s similar to Telnet over a standard TCP/IP
connection and is employed for doing things like logging into systems, running programs on remote
systems, and moving files from one system to another.
3. C. A host uses something called a gratuitous ARP to help avoid a possible duplicate address. The DHCP
client sends an ARP broadcast out on the local LAN or VLAN using its newly assigned address to help solve
conflicts before they occur.
4. B. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to find the hardware address from a known IP address.
5. A, C, D. The listed answers are from the OSI model and the question asked about the TCP/IP protocol stack
(DoD model). Yes, it is normal for the objectives to have this type of question. However, let’s just look for
what is wrong. First, the Session layer is not in the TCP/IP model; neither are the Data Link and Physical
layers. This leaves us with the Transport layer (Host-to-Host in the DoD model), Internet layer (Network
layer in the OSI), and Application layer (Application/Process in the DoD). Remember, the CCENT objectives
can list the layers as OSI layers or DoD layers at any time, regardless of what the question is asking.
6. C. A Class C network address has only 8 bits for defining hosts: 2
8
– 2 = 256.
7. A, B. A client that sends out a DHCP Discover message in order to receive an IP address sends out a
broadcast at both layer 2 and layer 3. The layer 2 broadcast is all
Fs in hex, or FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. The layer
3 broadcast is 255.255.255.255, which means any networks and all hosts. DHCP is connectionless, which
means it uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at the Transport layer, also called the Host-to-Host layer.
8. B. Although Telnet does use TCP and IP (TCP/IP), the question specifically asks about layer 4, and IP works
at layer 3. Telnet uses TCP at layer 4.
9. RFC 1918. These addresses can be used on a private network, but they’re not routable through the
Internet.
10. B, D, E. SMTP, FTP, and HTTP use TCP.
11. C. Class C addresses devote 24 bits to the network portion and 8 bits to the host portion.
12. C. The range of multicast addresses starts with 224.0.0.0 and goes through 239.255.255.255.
13. C. First, you should know easily that only TCP and UDP work at the Transport layer, so now you have a
50/50 shot. However, since the header has sequencing, acknowledgment, and window numbers, the
answer can only be TCP.
14. A. Both FTP and Telnet use TCP at the Transport layer; however, they both are Application layer protocols,
so the Application layer is the best answer for this question.
15. C. The four layers of the DoD model are Application/Process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and Network Access.
The Internet layer is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model.
16. C, E. The Class A private address range is 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255. The Class B private address
range is 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255, and the Class C private address range is 192.168.0.0 through
192.168.255.255.
17. B. The four layers of the TCP/IP stack (also called the DoD model) are Application/Process, Host-to-Host
(also called Transport on the objectives), Internet, and Network Access/Link. The Host-to-Host layer is
equivalent to the Transport layer of the OSI model.
18. B, C. ICMP is used for diagnostics and destination unreachable messages. ICMP is encapsulated within IP
datagrams, and because it is used for diagnostics, it will provide hosts with information about network
problems.
19. C. The range of a Class B network address is 128–191. This makes our binary range 10
xxxxxx.
20.
Answer
DHCPDiscover
DHCPOffer
DHCPRequest
DHCPAck
The steps are as shown in the answer diagram.
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