boot system tftp c2800nm-advsecurityk9-mz.151-4.M6.bin 1.1.1.2 Router(config)#
As your last recommended fallback option—the one to go to if the IOS in flash doesn’t load and the TFTP host does
not produce the IOS—load the mini-IOS from ROM like this:
Router(config)#
boot system rom Router(config)#
do show run | include boot system boot system flash c2800nm-advsecurityk9-mz.151-4.M6.bin
boot system tftp c2800nm-advsecurityk9-mz.151-4.M6.bin 1.1.1.2
boot system rom
Router(config)#
If the preceding configuration is set, the router will try to boot from the TFTP server if flash fails, and if the TFTP
boot fails, the mini-IOS will load after six unsuccessful attempts of trying to locate the TFTP server.
In the next section, I’ll show you how to load the router into ROM monitor mode so you can perform password
recovery.
Recovering Passwords If you’re locked out of a router because you forgot the password, you can change the configuration register to help
you get back on your feet. As I said earlier, bit 6 in the configuration register is used to tell the router whether to
use the contents of NVRAM to load a router configuration.
The default configuration register value is 0x2102, meaning that bit 6 is off. With the default setting, the router will
look for and load a router configuration stored in NVRAM (startup-config). To recover a password, you need to turn
on bit 6. Doing this will tell the router to ignore the NVRAM contents. The configuration register value to turn on bit
6 is 0x2142.
Here are the main steps to password recovery:
1. Boot the router and interrupt the boot sequence by performing a break, which will take the router into ROM
onit or mode.
2. Change the configuration register to turn on bit 6 (with the value 0x2142).
3. Reload the router.
4. Say “no” to entering setup mode, then enter privileged mode.
5. Copy the startup-config file to running-config, and don’t forget to verify that your interfaces are re-enabled.
6. Change the password.
7. Reset the configuration register to the default value.
8. Save the router configuration.
9. Reload the router (optional).
I’m going to cover these steps in more detail in the following sections. I’ll also show you the commands to restore
access to ISR series routers.
You can enter ROM monitor mode by pressing Ctrl+Break or Ctrl+Shift+6, then b, during router bootup. But if the
IOS is corrupt or missing, if there’s no network connectivity available to find a TFTP host, or if the mini-IOS from
ROM doesn’t load (meaning the default router fallback failed), the router will enter ROM monitor mode by default.