FIGURE 9.5
IP routing example 2
The key thing to understand about the IP routing process in this scenario is what happens when HostA sends data
to the HTTPS server? Here’s your answer:
1. The destination address of a frame from HostA would be the MAC address of RouterA’s Fa0/0 interface.
2. The destination address of a packet is the IP address of the HTTPS server’s network interface card (NIC).
3. The destination port number in the segment header will have a value of 443.
Did you notice that the switches weren’t used as either a default gateway or any other destination? That’s because
switches have nothing to do with routing. I wonder how many of you chose the switch as the default gateway
(destination) MAC address for HostA? If you did, don’t feel bad—just take another look to see where you went
wrong and why. It’s very important to remember that the destination MAC address will always be the router’s
interface—if your packets are destined for outside the LAN, as they were in these last two examples!
Before moving on into some of the more advanced aspects of IP routing, let’s look at another issue. Take a look at
the output of this router’s routing table:
Corp#
sh ip route
[output cut]
R 192.168.215.0 [120/2] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0
R 192.168.115.0 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0
R 192.168.30.0 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0
C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
L 192.168.20.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 192.168.214.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 192.168.214.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
What do we see here? If I were to tell you that the corporate router received an IP packet with a source IP address
of 192.168.214.20 and a destination address of 192.168.22.3, what do you think the Corp router will do with this
packet?
If you said, “The packet came in on the FastEthernet 0/0 interface, but because the routing table doesn’t show a
route to network 192.168.22.0 (or a default route), the router will discard the packet and send an ICMP destination
unreachable message back out to interface FastEthernet 0/0,” you’re a genius! The reason that’s the correct answer
is because that’s the source LAN where the packet originated from.
Now, let’s check out the next figure and talk about the frames and packets in detail. We’re not really going over
anything new here; I’m just making sure you totally, completely, thoroughly, fully understand basic IP routing! It is
the crux of this book, and the topic the exam objectives are geared toward. It’s all about IP routing, which means
you need to be all over this stuff! We’ll use
Figure 9.6
for the next few scenarios.
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