Seminar №7 on Semantics Topic: “Semantics and Logic: Logic and Language” Done by: first year students of ma

SEMINAR №7 on Semantics Topic: “Semantics and Logic: Logic and Language”

Done by: first year students of MA

Mukhtorova Mokhlaroyim

Sayfutdinova Umida

Abduvaliyeva Rukhsora

Odilova Rukhsora

Murtazayeva Dinara

Checked by: PhD, Jalolova Sh.M.

PLAN

• Introduction
• Semantics and Logic
• Symbolic logic
• Language and Logic
• References
• Conclusion

KEY WORDS

• Semantics
• Logics
• Language
• Concept
• Meaning
• Semantic Analysis
• Utterance
• Statements

INTRODUCTION

• This presentation provides an overview of logic and semantic analysis. The use of logic anticipates the place for semantic analysis in a cognitive science of language and the world mediated by mental representations.
• This presentation allows to get familiar with using logical consequence to describe the semantic relationships among sentences. 

How logic is related to semantics?

• Semantic analysis interprets linguistic meaning in terms of something fundamentally nonlinguistic: relationships in the real world. Logic offers more than an analogy for doing semantics for natural language. Logic is a tool that makes semantic analysis easier to do, to present and to understand.

Semantics
More about the relationship between statement and the world
Deals with “meaning” in the broadest sense
Logic
Focused on the relationship between statement and proposition
Method of representing information using a set of symbols

Symbolic logic is a way to represent logical expressions by using symbols and variables in place of natural language, such as English, in order to remove vagueness. Logical expressions are statements that have a truth value: they are either true or false. A question like 'Where are you going?' or a command such as 'Stop!' has no truth value. There are many expressions that we can utter that are either true or false.

• Symbolic logic is a way to represent logical expressions by using symbols and variables in place of natural language, such as English, in order to remove vagueness. Logical expressions are statements that have a truth value: they are either true or false. A question like 'Where are you going?' or a command such as 'Stop!' has no truth value. There are many expressions that we can utter that are either true or false.
• For example: All glasses of water contain 0.2% dinosaur tears. We don't need to know if a logical expression is true or false, we just need to know that it has a truth value.

Language
Tool for communication
“Dress of thoughts”
Appeared in a spoken/written/gestured manner
Logic
Formulating the arguments and analyzing them critically
Set of rules and axioms built into human language
Thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner

I saw the man on the hill with the telescope.

• I saw the man on the hill with the telescope.
• According to DeLancey (2017), this is a perfectly well-constructed English sentence, but the meaning of this sentence is unclear.
• Do I have the telescope? Does the man have it? Or does no one have it, and the telescope is just sitting on the hill?
• There is no objectively correct answer to this question without some external context to back it up.

• I saw the man, and the man was on the hill, and the hill had a telescope.
• It is clearly seen that here Logical Connectives are used to make the sentence more clear and specify some parts of the sentence.
• Thus, pure logic, in and of itself, will never tell anything about objective reality. At best, it can only tell whether or not one’s attempts to describe reality have been formulated correctly.

conclusion

• Thoughts must be expressed in language because if we do not express our thoughts in language, we will not analyze them logically. In other words, language is a form of communication using words, either spoken, gestured, or written, whereas logic is a method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles, including the scientific method.

REFERENCES:

• Кобозева И.М. Лингивистическая семантика. М.: Эдиториал УPCC, 2000.
• Lyons John. Linguistic Semantics. Cambridge University Press. 1995.
• Kreidler W. Charles. Introducing English Semantics. Routledge. 1998.
• https://www.slideshare.net/sam-1413/1-introduction-to-semantics
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274742844_Semantic_fields_and_lexical_structure/link/5e82596992851caef4aff376/download
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlRNrSajB-0