Scientific Collection «InterConf», (39): with the Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference «Science and Practice: Implementation to Modern Society» (December 26-28, 2020) at Manchester, Great Britain

parts of words and initial sounds;
4) Partially abbreviated words, consisting of a combination of the initial part of a 
word with a whole word or with the form of an indirect noun;
5) Transcriptional abbreviations formed by the addition of the syllable 
components of the initial letters. 
Currently, abbreviation has become one of the most productive ways of word 
formation, which is widely used in the modern press. One of the main reasons for the 
appearance of abbreviations is the principle of saving speech resources, which is widely 
used on the pages of periodicals. New trends in the use of abbreviations in modern speech 
are due to the intensive development of science and technology, the emergence of new 
realities that require naming, the rethinking of already existing facts of reality, the search 
for new means of expression, and finally, the emergence of new words and meanings. 
Thus, abbreviation as one of the active ways of word formation is currently a 
complex phenomenon that reflects the main functions of the language: information 
content and emotional impact on the reader. Abbreviations allow, on the one hand, to 

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SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)
844 
convey a large amount of information within a single publication, on the other hand, 
they are an expressive language tool, a means of artistic expression, and language play. 
Abbreviations are widely used in various types of discourses. They are especially 
active in the language of the media. Modern journalism is full of abbreviations. 
There are different ways to enter abbreviations in texts: these are positions at the 
beginning of the article, as they appear in the text ("middle position"), at the end of the 
article. Individual author abbreviations are often found in texts; they are usually used in 
isolated cases by a specific author. This is also the role of abbreviations in advertising 
slogans. In this case, the abbreviation can act as a decorative element. The abbreviation 
in the advertising text is visually highlighted in font and color, which ensures the reader's 
attention to the content. There are texts where abbreviations are given without decoding. 
These are usually economic, political, informational, and sports texts. People who work 
in these fields and read specialized journals will correctly determine the meaning of 
abbreviations used in the text of the article. The authors consider it unnecessary to give 
a transcript of abbreviations understood by the reader. 
Modern journalism is characterized by the dominant position of abbreviations in 
headlines. When analyzing the material, we divided the headings that include 
abbreviations into two groups based on the principle of actual sentence division: the 
abbreviation as part of the topic and the abbreviation as part of the rhyme. Thus, the 
title is distinguished by the definiteness of the topic and a high degree of information 
content, respectively. [3] 
Often, inter-phrase communication in a journalistic text is carried out through an 
abbreviation and keywords taken from the phrase - transcription of the abbreviation. 
The diverse use of abbreviations and their components leads to heterogeneity of the 
text. The main emphasis in the articles is done on key words in the content. 
Abbreviations also occupy a dominant position in the texts of fiction. Modern 
literary texts are characterized by specialized use of abbreviations in certain genres, for 
example, there are many abbreviations in detective stories and science fiction. The 
functional significance of abbreviations in prose and poetry genres is similar. 

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845 
Abbreviations in texts act as a means of "parody" of nominations in certain spheres of 
human life; they are used as illustrative material for the events described. 
Abbreviations carry an emotional load in the text, create the effect of "irony" due to 
the collision of the well-known meaning of words and the resulting abbreviation. 
Abbreviations are often used as tropes (metonymy, metaphor, identification, 
comparison). Modern poetry is characterized by the personification of abbreviations. 
They serve as a means of expression and generate reduced nominations. 
Modern linguistics pays considerable attention to the study of the language of 
journalism, and above all, the language of the newspaper, which is regarded as the most 
susceptible to various kinds of lexical innovations. In the field of research on lexical 
innovations, abbreviation as a means of compression occupies a certain place. [4] The 
process of abbreviation is one of the most characteristic features of the language of the 
modern press, combining the desire for standard patterns of speech and expression. The 
high frequency of the use of abbreviations in oral and written speech indicates their 
belonging to the standard. Expression is also achieved by occasional unusual decoding of 
the abbreviation, the convergence of the abbreviation with an ordinary word, abbreviation 
of proper names, and the formation of derivative abbreviations. In the language of the 
modern press, there is a tendency to an increase in the number of abbreviations, however, 
a review of works devoted to the study of the specifics of the newspaper journalistic style 
showed that the issues of expressive use of abbreviations on the pages of newspapers, as 
well as their comparative analysis on the material of various language groups, have not 
yet received proper coverage. This explains the relevance of the study of abbreviations 
from the point of view of their functioning in the language of the newspaper.