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References
1. I.A.Karimov. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan №1875.Tashkentin her, 
December 10,2012
2. Penny Ur, A practical guide for teaching vocabulary,1990:60
3. Jim Scrivener, Learning teaching,2005:227
4. Carter and Mc Carthy, Vocabulary and Language Teaching,1988
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8. www.teachingenglish.org.uk 

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115
 May 2021
SCIENCE AND EDUCATION
HISTORICAL FACTORS AFFECTED ON THE CONNOTATIVE MEANING OF 
ENGLISH AND UZBEK ONOMASTIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Khudoyorova Safura Tulkin kizi
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign
Languages, PhD student. 
Abstract. The present paper deals with connotative meaning of English and Uzbek phraseological 
units with anthroponymic and toponymic component.
Key words: phraseological unit, onomastics, anthroponym, toponym, historical fact.
Onomastic components, with their unique national and socio-cultural semantics play essential part 
in the structure of phraseological units (PUs). Therefore, comparative study of such units in different 
languages is one of the actual problems of modern linguistics. 
In language especially, in its lexical and phraseological fund reflect the national character, 
mentality and history of a nation. Over the years, proper nouns, especially anthroponyms and 
toponyms form certain connotative meaning in the minds of language carriers. Phraseologisms which 
contain onomastic elements serve as a figurative representation of such connotative meaning [4, 
708]. In linguistics, denotative and connotative meanings are studied with great interest. According 
to Apresjan connotation or semantic associations are the meaning of a certain word influenced by 
traditional, national as well as several extralinguistic factors. A. I. Fedorov connects connotation 
with the expressiveness of phraseologims and defines as “phraseologisms are not created to designate 
a new phenomenon, but to determine figurative-emotional mark of an object, event and quality that 
is already present in the language. [2,13]. To our view, connotative meaning can not be expressed 
outside the denotative meaning in PUs. B. Yuldoshev equalizes connotation to stylistic mark and 
stylistic meaning. [1, 12-13] 
PUs with onomastic components play essential part in refleting history. In this article, we aim to 
analyze the connotation of PUs with anthroponyms and toponyms which were originated or formed 
under the influence of historical events. Anthroponyms are the personal names of people, patronyms, 
family names, birth names, nicknames, pseudonyms and cryptonyms.
People who were well-known with their particular traits, courage in history represent as part of 
PUs. Regarding the connotative meaning English and uzbek phraseological units can be distinguished 
into three groups:
1) positively marked PUs: All Sir Garnet – highly satisfactory (Sir Garnet Wolseley was a leader 
of several successful military expeditions) [5,120]. In uzbek: Oti bor Alpomish - courageous, brave 
(great courage of Alpomish became epic); Aflotun miya – it is used about wise and sensible person ( 
the ancient Greek philosopher Plato was known for his sharp wit and intelligence). 
2) negatively marked PUs: Uzbek proverb Mahmudning qadami yetgan yerda o’t o’smas indicates 
Mahmud Gaznaviy’s tyranny and cruelty [3]. Bo’ji keldi bo’ji keldi Chingiz bilan jo’ji keldi – this unit 
appeared under the influence of Mongol invasion of Central Asia led by Gengis Khan. It is interesting 
to note that in English there is a PUs with the same historical figure: somewhere to the right of Gengis 
Khan – holding the right wing views of extreme kind. 
3) neutrally marked PUs: John Hancock – personal sign (J. Hancock was an American statesman 
whose sign was the first under the declaration of independence); Daqqi Yunusdan qolgan – ancient, 
old.
It can observed that connotative meaning of PUs with anthroponymic content is greatly influenced 
by characteristic traits and particular actions of real historical people. 
Toponymy is an integral part of onomastics that studies origin, meaning and distribution of 
geographical names. In PUs which contain toponyms national-cultural connotation is vividly reflected.
It can be observed that Pus with the name of own country, capital city are described as peaceful 
and secure. Thus, generally own toponyms are positively marked in both languages: Merry England; 
London is a roost for every bird; as safe as the bank of England. In Uzbek: Toshkentning tarig’ini 
yegan chumchuq Makkadan qaytib keladi; do’stlik shahri (about Tashkent).
It should be noted that in both English and Uzbek PUs with east have positive connotation while 
west have negative connotation: about East – correct, right ; go West – fail. In uzbek: Mag’ribga 
ketmoq – to die. 

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