Sayyid otaliq madrasa

SAYYID OTALIQ MADRASA
In the series of historical and natural monuments of the Surkhandarya oasis, which is a pure pearl on the land of architectural masterpieces like Uzbekistan, Denau's architectural ghazals are also worth writing. The same can be said about the Sayyid fatherhood madrasa.
Denau developed rapidly during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids, and later during the reign of the Shaibanikhans. Especially during the reign of Muhammad Shaibanikhan, Denau became the regional center. In the center of the city were built two buildings (madrasa and khanaqo), which in history became known as the "double madrasa". The first is a preserved madrassa building, said to have been built by Ahmad Muhammad Bukhari. The second - the room building was demolished in 1929-1934. The reason: the bricks were used to renovate other buildings. As a result, the bricks were used to build a public education department, a prosecutor's office, a hotel, a police station, a district committee, a railway clinic, and a school. A certain part was collected as a corridor from the market to the railway. Because Denau is a swampy, saxaul land.
The surviving madrasa is called Sayyid Otalik.
Although there is no definite information about the date of construction of the madrasah, we would like to share the findings and conclusions of research by scientists of the project institute of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan and local documents, interviews with the population.
Movarounnahr was the two main successors of the Sufi scholar and saint Bahauddin Naqshband. One of them is Sheikh Alouddin Attar Wali and the other is Hoja Muhammad Porso al-Bukhari. Both khalfas have their share in the development of the Naqshbandi sect.
According to Muhammad Farsani in his Manaqati Sheikh Alouddin Attar, Sheikh Alouddin Attar was the son-in-law of Wali Bahauddin Naqshbandi. After the death of Bahauddin Naqshband (1389), he came to Denau to spread the Naqshbandi sect in Hisori Shodmon province. Sheikh Alouddin Attar Wali's great contribution to the spirituality and enlightenment of our region is that he knew about the scholar and saint Bahauddin Naqshband and was the one who turned the memories of others into a book. Sheikh Alouddin Attar died in Denau on the 20th of Rajab, 802 AH (March 18, 1400 AD). The tomb is also here. This place is now called "Sheikh Attor Valiy" or "Ostonabova" cemetery. Because Sheikh Attar Wali used to say during his life, "Whoever loves me, let him sit on my doorstep." Thus, the largest cemetery in Denau today is called Ostonabova. Many of the dead of the Mahallly population have taken their eternal place on the threshold of Sheikh Attar Wali. The next generations of Sheikh Alouddin Attor are also buried in the cemetery. Among them are his son Sheikh Hassan Attar Wali and his grandson Hoja Yusuf Attar.
According to Salah ibn Mubarak al-Bukhari's Anis at-Talibiyn, after the death of Bahauddin Naqshband, Sheikh Alouddin Attar took the place of the murshid and fans began to come to him. In general, Hoja Bahauddin Naqshband used to send as many fans to Alouddin Attar as he was alive.
Thus, it becomes clear that Sheikh Alouddin Attar was a murshid, a polarite in the Naqshbandi sect, and that his migration made Denau a benefactor. Sheikh Alouddin Attor lived in Denau for a total of 22 years.
Elda is said to have had two sons by Sheikh Alouddin Attor. They are Hoja Hasan and Hoja Husan. His son, Hoja Husan, was killed in the war. The monument to Sheikh Alouddin Attar, built for 26 years by his son Khoja Hasan and grandson Khoja Yusuf in Sayyid fatherhood madrasah in Denau, is written by N.Ismailov in his book "Song of Denau" (1995).
There was a long discussion, debate, exchange of views on this information. The reason for this is that the construction of the Sayyid Fatherhood Madrasah in Denau dates back to the middle of the 15th century, and therefore to 1440-1450, when Khoja Hasan and Khoja Yusuf lived. The fact that this is far from the case can be explained as follows.
The Mir Arab madrasah in the center of the country, in Bukhara, was built in 1536. On the outskirts of the country, it was not possible to build buildings similar in size to those built in the center. Because the Emir of Bukhara did not allow the construction of large madrassas on the outskirts of the country. Secondly, the historical monuments built in the XV century differ from the monuments of the XVI-XVII centuries in terms of form and architecture. The history of the building of the Sayyid fatherhood madrasah is completely different from the appearance of the historical buildings of the XV century. For this reason, no matter how hard we try to believe that the above points are correct, the evidence points to a different proof.
The above narrated history of the madrasa is unfounded. There is also an opinion among the locals that the madrasa building was built in the middle of the 19th century during the reign of Abdulkarim Dodhoh. The general unfoundedness of these ideas is proved by the fact that Mahmud ibn Wali's 17th-century book Bahr ul-Alam mentions that there were two madrasah buildings in Denau (this idea is confirmed by N.A. Maev's Essays on the Gissar Valley (1879)).
The main idea we want to stop here is as follows. In July 1988, the architect TF Zhukova published in the magazine "Architecture and Construction of Uzbekistan": "The building of the madrasah in Denau is a historical monument of the XVII century. The construction of this madrasah is connected with the Bukhara khojbars. The khans of Bukhara have always paid great tribute to the masters of Joybori. It is known that they tried to establish kinship ties with the local sheikhs by giving them land, money, and valuable gifts. One of them, Imamqulikhan (ruler of 1611-1642) from Ashtarkhan, when he ascended the throne of Bukhara, married his sister Tojiddin Khoja Hasan Joybori and sealed the lands of Pirmast in Bukhara and Denov in Gissar as a gift. He will also donate 20,000 coins, several camels and horses. The lands gifted by the ruler were independently managed by the Joybars, and the owners of these lands were given the status of ‘fathers’. Tajiddin Khoja Hasan Joybori will build two madrassas in Denau at his own expense. Tajiddin had the title of sayyid among the people because he belonged to the generation of prophets. For this reason, the madrasah was named after him, Sayyid Atalik, and it was built in 1612-1628.
It is no coincidence that the center of Denau was chosen for the construction of the madrasa. This place was comfortable in every way compared to other places with its weather and water. The bricks of the madrasa were taken from the soil of the village of Zahartepa, and the bricks were baked in large brick kilns, which are present there. The foundation of the madrasa is 5.5 meters deep and is lined with several rows of reed bricks. The building of the madrasa, as mentioned above, was built by master Ahmad Muhammad Bukhari. There are 114 suras in the Qur'an, which consists of 114 cells. The number of madrasa cells is also noteworthy in that it is compared to the number of surahs in the Qur'an.
As a result, the walls of the cells were covered with black dust, and the walls became unusable. Later, a garage for collective farm machines was used as an artist’s workshop. The front roof was dimmed, half of the rear roof was illuminated, and the courtyard was in a state of rubbish in the cells. The pool in the middle, including the underground passage (lahm) that connects it to the Denau Begi Fortress, is buried. The inner level of the courtyard of the madrasah has been raised to 1 meter and asphalt has been laid. This, in turn, accelerated the rise of the saxaul, causing the walls to collapse under the influence of the saxaul. When the room building was demolished, the market place was relocated, the road to the fort was paved, and houses were built. Thus, the style of urban planning of the XVI-XVII centuries was broken, the madrasah and the fortress of Denau Begi were separated. The ensemble in the form of the majestic Registan was thus destroyed. So, until the years of independence, the madrasa building was in such a deplorable condition. After the independence of Uzbekistan, in 1997, the Sayyid Otaliq Cultural Center was opened under the Golden Heritage International Charitable Foundation. The center is working to restore the madrassa to its original state. The madrasa building and the area in front of it have been landscaped. Currently, this place is called Registan Square by the decision of the mayor of Denau district. When the madrasa building is renovated, it is planned to open a museum of history and ethnography. Along with the restoration and respect of the historical memory of our people during the years of independence, each of us is obliged to study the history of Denau, including the history of Denau, on the basis of extensive materials, and to carefully preserve the relics. As the homeland begins on the threshold, it is necessary to repair the Sayyid fatherhood madrasah as soon as possible and turn it into a place of enlightenment and spirituality.