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4.
 
The Adventure Story
 
The adventure story, a major form of Victorian children's literature, influenced Canadian 
books in the 19th century and, to a lesser degree, the 20th. Emphasizing the goodness of the British 
Empire, Christianity and physical courage, such British novels as Frederick Marryat's 
The Settlers 
in Canada
(1844) and G.A. Henty's 
With Wolfe in Canada
(1886) were immensely popular in 
Britain and the colonies, and shaped many young Canadians' views of their country. R.M. 
Ballantyne's firsthand account of the fur trade, 
Hudson's Bay
(1848), was followed by his 
novels 
Snowflakes and Sunbeams
(1856) and
Ungava
(1858). The vast landscape, populated by 
fierce wild animals and heathen savages, was supposedly won for civilization by people such as the 
young white heroes and heroines of the novels of these authors. 
Of 19th-century stories, one of the most interesting is Catharine Parr
TRAILL's
The 
Canadian Crusoes
(1852), which combines a knowledge of the wilderness north of Lake Ontario 
with elements of the survival story made popular by Daniel Defoe's 
Robinson Crusoe
. In addition to 
describing how the 3 central figures, all teenagers, secure the basic necessities, the book portrays 
their strong belief in divine protection and their rescue of a native girl to whom they teach the tenets 
of Christianity. The popularity of the traditional adventure story during the early 20th century (eg, 
Seton's 
Two Little Savages
, 1906; Alan Sullivan's 
Brother Eskimo
, 1921, and 
Brother Blackfoot
, 
1937) may account for the appearance of many of its traits in such novels as Haig-Brown's 
Starbuck 
Valley Winter
(1943), Mowat's 
Lost in the Barrens
(1956) and James 
HOUSTON's
Frozen 
Fire
(1977). In each story the male hero grows to maturity, drawing on lessons learned through 
meeting native people and coping with the harsh wilderness. Tony German's 
Tom Penny
(1977) and 
Bill Freeman's 
Shantymen of Cache Lake
(1975) combine historical backgrounds and foregrounds 
of danger and suspense as youthful heroes confront the elements and evil characters.