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The Hermitage
One of the
known museums is the Hermitage.
The word "Hermitage" means "a place of solitude". This name
was given in the XVIII century by Catherine П to her private
museum housed in a small building adjacent to the Winter
Palace and accessible only to the chosen few.
In the course of time, the Hermitage grew into one of the
greatest museums of the world. At the present, the collections
take up five interconnected buildings. The museum retains its
old name.
The accumulation of
let to the
of new
departments devoted to the culture and art of the Peoples of
the East, of the Prehistoric culture, and of the Russian culture.
Three other departments are those of Western European art,
classical antiquities and numismatics.
One of the rooms that impressed visitor the most is St.
George Hall. The interior of the room is considered by experts
to be a perfect example of the Classical Style. The room covers
about 800 square
does not seem enormous due to
proportions. It is decorated in the whitest marble and
gilded bronze.
The Throne Hall was used for column assemblies. Members
of the Tzar's family, when coming of age, took their oaths
here.
The Leonardo da Vinci Hall is one of the most gorgeous
interiors. The hall is decorated in the style of 17 century
French Baroque. The Hermitage possesses two, out of 12 or
14 works surviving from Leonardo.
The Rembrandt collection is one of the most treasured
possessions of the museum. It members 24 canvases.
The Malachite Room reflects the style of 1889. The columns,
pilasters, and floorlamps are veneered with thin plaques of
rich green malachite. About two tons of malachite were used
in decoration of the
Questions:
What does the word "Hermitage" mean?
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2. How many
are there in the Hermitage?
What are they?
3. The interior of which room is the best example of the
Classical Style?
4. What kinds of material are used for the decoration of
St.
Hall?
5. Why was the Throne Hall so important?
6. How many works of Leonardo da Vinci does the
Hermitage possess?
7. What is the most treasured possession of the Hermitage?
8. What material was used for the decoration of Malachite
Vocabulary:
solitude — уединение
—
смежный
accessible — доступный
—
to impress — впечатлять
perfect — совершенный
marble — мрамор
oaths — клятва, присяга
to possess — владеть
gorgeous — великолепный
jewelry — драгоценности, украшения
pilaster — пилястра
plaque — пластина, доска
Эрмитаж
Эрмитаж — один из широко
во всем мире
музеев. Слово "эрмитаж" означает "место для уединения".
Это имя было дано в XVIII веке Екатериной II своему
частному музею, расположенному в небольшом здании, при-
мыкающем к Зимнему дворцу, и доступному только еди-
ницам избранных.
Со временем Эрмитаж разросся в один из величайших
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мира. Сейчас коллекции занимают пять связанных
между собой зданий. Музей сохранил свое старое имя.
Накопление сокровищ послужило причиной формиро-
вания новых отделений, посвященных культуре и искусст-
ву народов Востока, доисторической культуре и русской
Три других отделения представляют искусство
Западной Европы, классические произведения античности
и нумизматику.
Одна из наиболее поражающих посетителя комнат —
это Георгиевский зал. Интерьер комнаты, по мнению
пертов, являет собой совершенный образец классического
стиля. Комната занимает около 800 кв. м, но не выглядит
огромной из-за совершенных пропорций. Она отделана бе-
лоснежным мрамором и позолоченной бронзой.
Тронный зал использовался для торжественных собра-
ний. Члены царской семьи, по достижении определенного
возраста, принимали здесь присягу.
Зал Леонардо да Винчи имеет один из самых велико-
лепных интерьеров. Зал отделан в стиле французского ба-
рокко XVII века. Эрмитаж владеет двумя из 12 или 14
сохранившихся работ Леонардо.
Собрание произведений Рембрандта — одно из бесцен-
ных сокровищ музея. Оно насчитывает 24 холста.
Малахитовая комната отражает стиль 1839 года. Ко-
лонны, пилястры, напольные лампы покрыты тонкими пла-
стинками из темно-зеленого малахита. Около двух тонн
малахита было использовано при отделке комнаты.
My Favourite English Painter
From early times Englishmen have been great collectors
and travellers. The general level of art in Great Britain has
always been high. But it has never reached that of France
and Italy. Many greatest foreign masters were attracted to
Britain by lavish rewards and honours. Among them were
the Flemish Anthony Van Dyck, Harts Holbein of German
extraction. They were the originators of the brilliant school of
English painting.
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As
me, William Hogarth is the most colourful figure,
whose paintings attract by their singular originality. Hogarth
wrote series of paintings which, like acts of a drama, were
bound together by a plot. His famous series are "A Harlot's
Progress", "A Rake's Progress" and "Marriage a la
Jn a few years came another series "Elections". In them
Hogarth displays the English state system, her statesmen
and the evil practices going on during election campaigns.
Hogarth didn't want to follow the vogue and copy the old
masters: the truth life, the every day reality seemed to be of
greater importance. He breaks off with the old style. Hogarth
is the creator of his own method. His contemporaries called
Hogarth's style the "modern moral subject". Hogarth's realism
paved new ways for English art.
William Thackeray in his book "The English Humourists
of the 18th century" describes William Hogarth in the following
way: "...he's a jovial honest London citizen, stout and sturdy
man, who has a proper bourgeas scorn for everything
pretentious and
Questions:
Is the level of art in Great Britain high?
2. William Hogarth is the most colourful artist of 18th
century, doesn't he?
3. What Hogarth's series of paintings do you know?
4. Did Hogarth create his own method?
5. How does William Thackeray describe Hogarth in his
book?
.
Vocabulary:
level — уровень
lavish — щедрый
reward — награда
vogue — мода
contemporary — современник
jovial — веселый
stout — отважный
sturdy — крепкий
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