Römische Gräberstrassen
(Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften,
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, pp. 83–107.
58. Goodman, P.J.,
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(London & New York: Routledge, 2007).
59. Morley,
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, pp. 108–42.
60. Sallares,
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61. Millett, M.,
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interpretation
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 157–80;
Leveau, P., ‘The western provinces’, in Scheidel, Morris & Saller (eds),
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62. Woolf,
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, pp. 194–202.
63. Bradley, K.R.,
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(Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1994), pp. 31–56.
64. Scheidel, W., ‘Quantifying the sources of slaves in the early Roman empire’,
Journal of Roman Studies
, 1997 (87), pp. 156–69; Harris, W.V., ‘Demography,
geography and the sources of Roman slaves’,
Journal of Roman Studies
, 1999
(89), pp. 62–75, argues for 4–8 million.
65. Bradley,
Slavery and Society
, pp. 15–30; Fitzgerald, W.,
Slavery and the Roman
Literary Imagination
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
66. Generally on the villa, Carandini, A.,
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dei Romani fra tarda repubblica e medio impero
(Rome: La Nuova Italia
Scientifica, 1988).
67. On different aspects of this crisis, see de Ligt, L. & Northwood, S. (eds),
People, Land and Politics: demographic developments and the transformation
of Roman Italy, 300 BC – AD 14
(Leiden: Brill, 2008). On modern attitudes
to ancient slavery, see Finley, M.I.,
Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology
(London: Chatto & Windus, 1980); Morley, N.,
Antiquity and Modernity
(Oxford & Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008), pp. 26–7, 42–3, 150–9.
68. Summarised in Morley,
Metropolis and Hinterland
, pp. 126–9.
69. Joshel, S.,
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inscriptions
(Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992).
70. On the mechanisms of control, Bradley, K.R.,
Slaves and Masters in the Roman
Empire: a study in social control
(Brussels: Latomus, 1984).
71. Morley,
Metropolis and Hinterland
, pp. 129–35.
72. Bradley,
Slavery and Society
, pp. 57–80.
73. Bagnall, R. & Frier, B.W.,
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(Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 48.
74. Rathbone, D.,
Economic Rationalism and Rural Society in Third-Century
AD Egypt
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 89–91;
Rowlandson, J.,
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of agriculture in the Oxyrhynchite Nome
(Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1996), p. 205.
75. e.g. Apuleius
Metamorphoses
7.15–28; Longus,
Daphnis & Chloe
4.19.
76. Todd, M.,
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(2nd edn) (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004), p. 32;
Cunliffe, B.,
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p. 220.
77. Diodorus Siculua 5.38.1, Strabo 3.2.10; Edmondson, J.,
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(Oxford: British
Archaeological Reports, 1987).
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78. Thompson, F.H.,
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