Richards-Communicative-Language pdf

Information texts  Descriptions

 

Explanations

 

Reports

 

Directives

 

Texts which combine one or more of these text types

Story texts 

Recounts

 

Narratives

Persuasive texts 

Opinion texts

 

Expositions

 

Discussions

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38  Communicative Language Teaching Today

A text-based approach has been adopted in Singapore and forms the 

framework  for  the  2002  syllabus  for  primary  and  secondary  schools.  In  the 

Singapore context, the text types that are identified can be understood as form-

ing  the  communicative  building  blocks  Singapore  children  need  in  order  to 

perform in an English-medium school setting.

The text types in the syllabus are:

Procedures 

e.g., procedures used in carrying out a task

Explanations 

e.g., explaining how and why things happen

Expositions 

e.g., reviews, arguments, debates