following its independence from the former Soviet Union, Uzbekistan's telephone
connections totalling 250 per cent since 1991. While it is almost impossible to
gauge the numbers of users of the Internet anywhere, the impact of the Internet is
regularly monitors the media in the CIS, the access to the Internet is so far
"confined to the educated, successful or (often) young" limited by the "obsolete
telecommunication infrastructure" that inhibits expansion. Thus, a survey
conducted in January 1997 placed the number of hosts in Uzbekistan at 122, which
compares most unfavorably with Russia: 50,000; Ukraine: 6,966; Kazakhistan:
807; Georgia: 210; and Armenia: 175.
There are several reasons for such a limited use of the Internet. Only a small
minority can afford an IP connection that would enable them to surf the Web or
have access to e-mail. It is also not possible to determine the exact number of users
since the number of subscribers at the providers gives the number of connections,
not the number of users, who pay a small fee to the subscribers for the facility.
This is especially true of universities and research institutes where a single
connection may be used by several faculty, researchers, and students. While the
cost of a connection is prohibitive, even the hourly use charge can be very high,
particularly to young people who do not have access to a common academic
facility.
The impediments to Internet expansion include poor telecommunications
infrastructure, the over-loaded, low-speed international channels which make the
use of the Web complicated. This is so in Russia itself; it is many times worse in
the CIS including, Uzbekistan. Another problem is the alphabet used by the
receiver and the sender in transmitting the data if it is not in Roman script, which is
used on the Internet. Moreover, the Internet is predominantly in English. "As data
travels from one system," Lange notes, "the messages may change (parts of words
disappear) because the server where the message travels through on its way to its
final destination may not support the type of coding. … When messages are sent
from east to West it becomes much more pronounced." Yet, the greatest hurdle in
the expansion and use of the Internet would be the will of the government and its
desire to link its citizenry with the world, in seeing the inevitability and long-term
benefits of such an interaction. Uzbekistan is, in this respect, way behind Russia
and Ukraine; its newspapers are not yet on line.